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albuterol

Sold as ProAir, Proventil, Ventolin. Class: Selective beta-2-adrenoreceptor agonists; Selective beta-2-adrenoreceptor agonists. First FDA approval 05/01/1981: 45 years on the US market.

This grade answers one narrow question: how strong is the public evidence and safety record behind this drug, and how clean is its money trail and court record? It is not a verdict on whether the drug is right for you.

B

Score breakdown (81/100)

Safety ×35%
A
Evidence ×25%
D
Regulatory ×15%
C
Money & lawsuits ×15%
A
Options ×10%
A

Safety: 88

Evidence: 60

Regulatory history: 68

Money & lawsuits: 100

Options: 100

What the FDA label says

Approved uses

Albuterol Sulfate HFA Inhalation Aerosol is a beta 2 -adrenergic agonist indicated for: • Treatment or prevention of bronchospasm in patients 4 years of age and older with reversible obstructive airway disease. ( 1.1 ) • Prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm in patients 4 years of age and older. ( 1.2 ) 1.1 Bronchospasm Albuterol Sulfate HFA Inhalation Aerosol is indicated for the treatment or prevention of bronchospasm in patients 4 years of age and older with reversible obstructive airway disease. 1.2 Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm Albuterol Sulfate HFA Inhalation Aerosol is indicated for the prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm in patients 4 years of age and older.

Contraindications

Albuterol Sulfate HFA Inhalation Aerosol is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to albuterol and any other Albuterol Sulfate HFA Inhalation Aerosol components. Rare cases of hypersensitivity reactions, including urticaria, angioedema, and rash have been reported after the use of albuterol sulfate [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] . Hypersensitivity to albuterol and any other Albuterol Sulfate HFA Inhalation Aerosol Components. ( 4 )

Warnings and precautions

• Life-threatening paradoxical bronchospasm may occur. Discontinue Albuterol Sulfate HFA immediately and treat with alternative therapy. ( 5.1 ) • Need for more doses of Albuterol Sulfate HFA than usual may be a sign of deterioration of asthma and requires reevaluation of treatment. ( 5.2 ) • Albuterol Sulfate HFA is not a substitute for corticosteroids. ( 5.3 ) • Cardiovascular effects may occur. Use with caution in patients sensitive to sympathomimetic drugs and patients with cardiovascular or convulsive disorders. ( 5.4 , 5.7 ) • Excessive use may be fatal. Do not exceed recommended dose. ( 5.5 ) • Immediate hypersensitivity reactions may occur. Discontinue Albuterol Sulfate HFA immediately. ( 5.6 ) • Hypokalemia and changes in blood glucose may occur. ( 5.7 , 5.8 ) 5.1 Paradoxical Bronchospasm Albuterol Sulfate HFA Inhalation Aerosol can produce paradoxical bronchospasm that may be life threatening. If paradoxical bronchospasm occurs, Albuterol Sulfate HFA Inhalation Aerosol should be discontinued immediately and alternative therapy instituted. It should be recognized that paradoxical bronchospasm, when associated with inhaled formulations, frequently occurs with the first use ...

Adverse reactions (label)

Use of Albuterol Sulfate HFA may be associated with the following: • Paradoxical bronchospasm [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] • Cardiovascular Effects [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] • Immediate hypersensitivity reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] • Hypokalemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) ] Most common adverse reactions (≥3.0% and >placebo) are headache, tachycardia, pain, dizziness, pharyngitis, and rhinitis. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Teva Respiratory, LLC at 1-888-482-9522 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience A total of 1090 subjects were treated with Albuterol Sulfate HFA Inhalation Aerosol, or with the same formulation of albuterol as in Albuterol Sulfate HFA Inhalation Aerosol, during the worldwide clinical development program. Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Adult and Adolescents 12 Years of Age and Older: The adverse reaction information presen...

Source: FDA SPL label for Albuterol Sulfate HFA (Proficient Rx LP), effective 20231001. Full label on DailyMed.

Side-effect reports sent to the FDA

These are counts of reports people filed, not rates of harm. Anyone can file one, and nobody checks whether the drug was the cause. Millions of doses are taken for every report sent, so the useful part is how this drug compares with the average across all drugs.

342,562reports that mention this drug
342,095of those blame this drug, not another one the person was taking
58%of reports describe a serious outcome, such as a hospital stay (average for all drugs: 57%)
6.0%of reports include a death, from any cause (average for all drugs: 9.1%)

Problems reported most often

Dyspnoea · 48,958Asthma · 31,886Drug Ineffective · 24,626Cough · 23,308Wrong Technique In Product Usage Process · 20,168Fatigue · 19,717Pneumonia · 18,884Wheezing · 17,558Headache · 17,484Off Label Use · 16,009Nausea · 15,999Pain · 13,968Diarrhoea · 13,894Malaise · 13,380Dizziness · 11,829

Reports per year

20192020202120222023202420252026
33,09535,08231,45625,02826,77729,60830,00814,220

3,469 reports blaming this drug for every million Medicare prescriptions filled, which is 1.3× the typical drug on this site. (73,641 reports in 2024–2026, against 21,226,306 Medicare fills in one year. This is the one number here that accounts for how many people take the drug.)

Source: the FDA's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Reports are voluntary and unverified. Drugs that are prescribed a lot, in the news, or in lawsuits attract more reports, so the percentages are compared with the whole database to correct for that partly, not fully.

Recalls and regulatory record

11recall actions on file
17 / 71brand / generic applications
4label changes since 2021
NoREMS program
DateClassFirmReason
07/2025Class IIICipla USA, Inc.Failed Stability Specifications: Out of specification results was observed in Induction Port during the analysis of Particle size distribution at the 12-month time point.
06/2023Class ICipla USA, Inc.Defective container: empty inhaler and leakage observed through the inhaler valve due to partially missing bottom seat (gasket).
04/2022Class IIMckesson Medical-Surgical Inc. Corporate OfficecGMP deviations: Temperature abuse
04/2022Class IIMckesson Medical-Surgical Inc. Corporate OfficecGMP deviations: Temperature abuse
01/2022Class IICARDINAL HEALTHCARECGMP Deviations: Products were exposed to temperatures outside of the products labeled storage conditions.
01/2022Class IICARDINAL HEALTHCARECGMP Deviations: Products were exposed to temperatures outside of the products labeled storage conditions.
09/2020Class IIPerrigo Company PLCDefective Delivery System: Sustained trend of failure to dispense complaints.
05/2017Class IIGlaxoSmithKline, LLCDefective Delivery System: Elevated number of units with out of specification results for leak rate
03/2017Class IIGlaxoSmithKline, LLCDefective Delivery System: Elevated number of units with out of specification results for leak rate.
12/2015Class IIGlaxoSmithKline, LLCDefective Delivery System: Some canisters may not contain sufficient propellant to deliver the labeled claim of 200 actuations through the end of shelf life.
07/2012Class IIGlaxoSmithKline IncDoes Not Deliver Proper Metered Dose: Potential content of albuterol per dose is below specification.

Class I = reasonable probability of serious harm. Class II = temporary or reversible harm. Class III = unlikely to harm. Most generic recalls are manufacturing or labeling defects for one lot, not a verdict on the molecule.

Evidence base

336randomized trials (PubMed)
4systematic reviews
951registered trials
50%of completed trials posted results
11%terminated or withdrawn
58%industry-funded

Counts measure how much evidence exists and how transparent it is, not how big the benefit is. For that, ask your prescriber: if 100 people like me took this, how many would get better because of it, and how many would be harmed? (Doctors call these the "number needed to treat" and "number needed to harm.") It differs by condition and is the number drug ads leave out. Sources: PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov.

Money and lawsuits

In 2024, drug companies reported $0 in payments to US physicians and hospitals tied to this drug across 0 transactions.

No pending federal MDL names this drug or its brands.

Not named in any federal pharmaceutical settlement of $100M or more on record.

Sources: CMS Open Payments (Sunshine Act); Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation pending docket list; DOJ settlements as tabulated on Wikipedia with links to the primary record. State-court and individual suits are not included.

Who takes it and what it costs

7,709,981Medicare Part D patients (2024)
21,226,306prescriptions filled
$34average cost per fill
$720Mtotal Medicare spend
ProductFills$/fill
Albuterol Sulfate HFA18,591,605$30
Ventolin HFA2,272,575$67
Albuterol Sulfate301,760$33
Proair Respiclick55,802$81
Proair Digihaler3,914$104
Proair HFA549$77
Proventil HFA101$71

Same-class alternatives

bambuterolbitolterolclenbuterolfenoterolformoterolhexoprenalineindacaterolisoetharineolodaterolpirbuterolprocaterolreproterolrimiterolsalmeterolterbutalinetulobuterol

Same ATC pharmacological class, graded ones first, best grade at the top. Being in the same class does not make them interchangeable for your condition; it makes them worth asking about.

Questions to ask your prescriber

  1. The most-reported problems in FDA's adverse event data are dyspnoea, asthma, cough. How would we recognize and handle those?
  2. Why this one over bambuterol, bitolterol, clenbuterol? What would make you pick one of those instead?
  3. What result are we expecting, by when, and what is the plan if it does not happen?
  4. If 100 people like me took this drug, how many would actually get better because of it, and how many would be harmed by it? (Doctors call these the number needed to treat and the number needed to harm.)