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dulaglutide

Sold as Trulicity. Class: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues. First FDA approval 09/18/2014: 12 years on the US market.

This grade answers one narrow question: how strong is the public evidence and safety record behind this drug, and how clean is its money trail and court record? It is not a verdict on whether the drug is right for you.

C

Score breakdown (67/100)

Safety ×35%
C
Evidence ×25%
D
Regulatory ×15%
A
Money & lawsuits ×15%
D
Options ×10%
C

Safety: 64

Evidence: 60

Regulatory history: 89

Money & lawsuits: 60

Options: 70

FDA boxed warning

WARNING: RISK OF THYROID C-CELL TUMORS In male and female rats, dulaglutide causes a dose-related and treatment-duration-dependent increase in the incidence of thyroid C-cell tumors (adenomas and carcinomas) after lifetime exposure. It is unknown whether TRULICITY causes thyroid C-cell tumors, including medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), in humans as human relevance of dulaglutide-induced rodent thyroid C-cell tumors has not been determined [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ), and Nonclinical Toxicology ( 13.1 )] . TRULICITY is contraindicated in patients with a personal or family history of MTC and in patients with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN 2). Counsel patients regarding the potential risk of MTC with use of TRULICITY and inform them of symptoms of thyroid tumors (e.g., mass in the neck, dysphagia, dyspnea, persistent hoarseness). Routine monitoring of serum calcitonin or using thyroid ultrasound is of uncertain value for early detection of MTC in patients treated with TRULICITY [see Contraindications ( 4 ) and Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] . WARNING: RISK OF THYROID C-CELL TUMORS See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. Dulaglutid...

Independent reviews and post-approval warnings

FDA Drug Safety Communications

Warnings the FDA chose to announce publicly after approval, as opposed to quiet label edits. Class-wide items name the drug's class, not this drug specifically.

WHO Essential Medicine

Listed on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines: a global expert panel judged it among the medicines a health system should always have, on evidence of value, not marketing.

What the FDA label says

Approved uses

® is indicated: As an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults and pediatric patients 10 years of age and older with type 2 diabetes mellitus. To reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, or non-fatal stroke) in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have established cardiovascular disease or multiple cardiovascular risk factors. TRULICITY ® is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist indicated ( 1 ): As an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults and pediatric patients 10 years of age and older with type 2 diabetes mellitus. To reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have established cardiovascular disease or multiple cardiovascular risk factors.

Contraindications

is contraindicated in patients with: Personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) or in patients with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN 2) [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] . Serious hypersensitivity reaction to dulaglutide or to any of the product components. Serious hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylactic reactions and angioedema have been reported with TRULICITY [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )] . Patients with a personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma or in patients with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome type 2 ( 4 ). Patients with a serious hypersensitivity reaction to dulaglutide or any of the product components ( 4 ).

Warnings and precautions

Thyroid C-cell Tumors: See Boxed Warning ( 5.1 ). Acute Pancreatitis: Has been observed in patients treated with GLP-1 receptor agonists, including TRULICITY. Discontinue if pancreatitis is suspected ( 5.2 ). Hypoglycemia: Concomitant use with an insulin secretagogue or insulin may increase the risk of hypoglycemia, including severe hypoglycemia. Reducing the dose of insulin secretagogue or insulin may be necessary ( 5.3 ). Hypersensitivity Reactions: Serious hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., anaphylactic reactions and angioedema) have occurred. Discontinue TRULICITY and promptly seek medical advice ( 5.4 ). Acute Kidney Injury Due to Volume Depletion: Monitor renal function in patients reporting adverse reactions that could lead to volume depletion ( 5.5 ). Severe Gastrointestinal Adverse Reactions: Use may be associated with gastrointestinal adverse reactions, sometimes severe. TRULICITY is not recommended in patients with severe gastroparesis ( 5.6 ). Diabetic Retinopathy Complications: Have been reported in a cardiovascular outcomes trial. Monitor patients with a history of diabetic retinopathy ( 5.7 ). Acute Gallbladder Disease: If cholelithiasis or cholecystitis are suspected...

Adverse reactions (label)

The following serious reactions are described below or elsewhere in the prescribing information: Risk of Thyroid C-cell Tumors [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] Acute Pancreatitis [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] Hypoglycemia with Concomitant Use of Insulin Secretagogues or Insulin [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] Hypersensitivity Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )] Acute Kidney Injury Due to Volume Depletion [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 )] Severe Gastrointestinal Adverse Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6 )] Diabetic Retinopathy Complications in Patients with a History of Diabetic Retinopathy [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7 )] Acute Gallbladder Disease [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.8 )] Pulmonary Aspiration During General Anesthesia or Deep Sedation [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.9 )] Most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥5%) are nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and decreased appetite ( 6.1 ). To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Eli Lilly and Company at 1-800-LillyRx (1-800-545-5979) or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical studies are condu...

Recent major label changes

Warnings and Precautions Severe Gastrointestinal Adverse Reactions ( 5.6 ) 03/2026

Source: FDA SPL label for Trulicity (Eli Lilly and Company), effective 20260616. Full label on DailyMed.

Side-effect reports sent to the FDA

These are counts of reports people filed, not rates of harm. Anyone can file one, and nobody checks whether the drug was the cause. Millions of doses are taken for every report sent, so the useful part is how this drug compares with the average across all drugs.

88,268reports that mention this drug
88,141of those blame this drug, not another one the person was taking
26%of reports describe a serious outcome, such as a hospital stay (average for all drugs: 57%)
1.9%of reports include a death, from any cause (average for all drugs: 9.1%)

Problems reported most often

Nausea · 10,432Injection Site Pain · 9,959Blood Glucose Increased · 9,910Diarrhoea · 6,110Vomiting · 5,815Incorrect Dose Administered · 5,599Inappropriate Schedule Of Product Administration · 3,840Drug Ineffective · 3,680Weight Decreased · 3,425Decreased Appetite · 3,260Extra Dose Administered · 3,172Injection Site Haemorrhage · 3,165Glycosylated Haemoglobin Increased · 2,955Abdominal Pain Upper · 2,477Fatigue · 2,471

Reports per year

20192020202120222023202420252026
9,34910,73012,64611,1529,5097,2835,8712,469

3,617 reports blaming this drug for every million Medicare prescriptions filled, which is 1.3× the typical drug on this site. (15,572 reports in 2024–2026, against 4,305,141 Medicare fills in one year. This is the one number here that accounts for how many people take the drug.)

Source: the FDA's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Reports are voluntary and unverified. Drugs that are prescribed a lot, in the news, or in lawsuits attract more reports, so the percentages are compared with the whole database to correct for that partly, not fully.

Recalls and regulatory record

2recall actions on file
0 / 0brand / generic applications
0label changes since 2021
NoREMS program
DateClassFirmReason
04/2022Class IICardinal Health Inc.TEMPERATURE ABUSE: Products were exposed to temperatures outside of the products labeled storage conditions
08/2021Class IIEli Lilly & CompanyLabeling: Label error on declared strength - autoinjector devices labeled as 0.75 mg / 0.5 mL actually contain 1.5 mg / 0.5 mL of product.

Class I = reasonable probability of serious harm. Class II = temporary or reversible harm. Class III = unlikely to harm. Most generic recalls are manufacturing or labeling defects for one lot, not a verdict on the molecule.

Evidence base

115randomized trials (PubMed)
18systematic reviews
143registered trials
60%of completed trials posted results
2%terminated or withdrawn
57%industry-funded

Counts measure how much evidence exists and how transparent it is, not how big the benefit is. For that, ask your prescriber: if 100 people like me took this, how many would get better because of it, and how many would be harmed? (Doctors call these the "number needed to treat" and "number needed to harm.") It differs by condition and is the number drug ads leave out. Sources: PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov.

Money and lawsuits

In 2024, drug companies reported $68,375 in payments to US physicians and hospitals tied to this drug across 3,313 transactions (Trulicity $68,375).

Pending federal multidistrict litigation

Not named in any federal pharmaceutical settlement of $100M or more on record.

Sources: CMS Open Payments (Sunshine Act); Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation pending docket list; DOJ settlements as tabulated on Wikipedia with links to the primary record. State-court and individual suits are not included.

Who takes it and what it costs

788,716Medicare Part D patients (2024)
4,305,141prescriptions filled
$1,267average cost per fill
$5,454Mtotal Medicare spend

Same-class alternatives

albiglutideexenatidelixisenatide

Same ATC pharmacological class, graded ones first, best grade at the top. Being in the same class does not make them interchangeable for your condition; it makes them worth asking about.

Questions to ask your prescriber

  1. This drug carries a boxed warning. Which specific risk does it cover, and does it apply to me?
  2. The most-reported problems in FDA's adverse event data are nausea, injection site pain, blood glucose increased, diarrhoea. How would we recognize and handle those?
  3. Why this one over albiglutide, exenatide, liraglutide? What would make you pick one of those instead?
  4. There is no generic. Is there an older generic in the same class that works as well for my situation?
  5. This drug is in active federal litigation. What is the claim, and does it affect my risk?
  6. What result are we expecting, by when, and what is the plan if it does not happen?
  7. If 100 people like me took this drug, how many would actually get better because of it, and how many would be harmed by it? (Doctors call these the number needed to treat and the number needed to harm.)