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leuprolide

Sold as Eligard, Camcevi, Fensolvi, Lupron, Lutrate and 1 more. Class: Gonadotropin releasing hormone analogues. First FDA approval 04/09/1985: 41 years on the US market.

This grade answers one narrow question: how strong is the public evidence and safety record behind this drug, and how clean is its money trail and court record? It is not a verdict on whether the drug is right for you.

B

Score breakdown (79/100)

Safety ×35%
A
Evidence ×25%
F
Regulatory ×15%
B
Money & lawsuits ×15%
C
Options ×10%
A

Safety: 96

Evidence: 49

Regulatory history: 87

Money & lawsuits: 70

Options: 100

What the FDA label says

Approved uses

is indicated for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. VABRINTY is a gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist indicated for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. ( 1 )

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity VABRINTY is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to GnRH, GnRH agonist analogs or any of the components of VABRINTY. Anaphylactic reactions to synthetic GnRH or GnRH agonist analogs have been reported in the literature. Known hypersensitivity to GnRH, GnRH agonist analogs or any of the components of VABRINTY ( 4 )

Warnings and precautions

Tumor Flare: Transient increase in serum levels of testosterone during treatment may result in worsening of symptoms or onset of new signs and symptoms during the first few weeks of treatment, including bone pain, neuropathy, hematuria, bladder outlet obstruction, ureteral obstruction, or spinal cord compression. Monitor patients at risk closely and manage as appropriate. ( 5.1 , 5.7 ) Hyperglycemia and diabetes: Hyperglycemia and an increased risk of developing diabetes have been reported in men receiving GnRH analogs. Monitor blood glucose level and manage according to current clinical practice. ( 5.2 ) Cardiovascular diseases: Increased risk of myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death and stroke has been reported in men. Monitor for cardiovascular disease and manage according to current clinical practice. ( 5.3 ) Effect on QT/QTc Interval: Androgen deprivation therapy may prolong the QT interval. Consider risks and benefits. ( 5.4 ) Convulsions have been observed in patients with or without a history of predisposing factors. Manage convulsions according to the current clinical practice. (5.5) Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions (SCARs), including Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic...

Adverse reactions (label)

The following clinically significant adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling: Tumor Flare [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] Hyperglycemia and Diabetes [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] Cardiovascular Disease [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] Effect on QT/QTc Interval [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )] Convulsions [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 )] Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5. 6 )] Most common adverse reactions in clinical studies (incidence ≥ 5%): Malaise, fatigue, hot flashes/sweats, and testicular atrophy. ( 6.1 ) As with other GnRH agonists, other adverse reactions, including decreased bone density and rare cases of pituitary apoplexy have been reported. ( 6.1 , 6.2 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Uronova Pharmaceuticals, Inc. at 877-712-4575 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trial Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. T...

Recent major label changes

RECENT MAJOR CHANGES Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6 ) 02/2025 Dosage and Administration ( 2 ) 02/2025

Source: FDA SPL label for Vabrinty (URONOVA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.), effective 20260430. Full label on DailyMed.

Side-effect reports sent to the FDA

These are counts of reports people filed, not rates of harm. Anyone can file one, and nobody checks whether the drug was the cause. Millions of doses are taken for every report sent, so the useful part is how this drug compares with the average across all drugs.

86,973reports that mention this drug
86,922of those blame this drug, not another one the person was taking
52%of reports describe a serious outcome, such as a hospital stay (average for all drugs: 57%)
16.4%of reports include a death, from any cause (average for all drugs: 9.1%)

Problems reported most often

Death · 10,162Hot Flush · 9,911Intercepted Product Preparation Error · 9,222Syringe Issue · 7,906Fatigue · 6,797Device Leakage · 6,243Wrong Technique In Product Usage Process · 5,512Injection Site Pain · 4,820Prostatic Specific Antigen Increased · 3,130Asthenia · 3,024Off Label Use · 2,781Drug Ineffective · 2,649Fall · 2,429Arthralgia · 2,288Pain · 2,230

Reports per year

20192020202120222023202420252026
5,8927,9548,7819,8129,20110,4237,7212,266

Source: the FDA's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Reports are voluntary and unverified. Drugs that are prescribed a lot, in the news, or in lawsuits attract more reports, so the percentages are compared with the whole database to correct for that partly, not fully.

Recalls and regulatory record

6recall actions on file
17 / 10brand / generic applications
58label changes since 2021
NoREMS program
DateClassFirmReason
09/2023Class IIITolmar, Inc.Superpotent Drug - Higher than expected levels of leuprolide acetate in the constituted product.
03/2014Class IIAbbVie IncDefective Delivery System: Some Lupron Depot Kits may contain a syringe with a potentially defective LuproLoc needle stick protection device.
03/2014Class IIAbbVie IncDefective Delivery System: Some Lupron Depot Kits may containin a syringe with a potentially defective LuproLoc needle stick protection device.
03/2014Class IIAbbVie IncDefective Delivery System: Some Lupron Depot Kits may contain a syringe with a potentially defective LuproLoc needle stick protection device.
03/2014Class IIAbbVie IncDefective Delivery System: Some Lupron Depot Kits may contain a syringe with a potentially defective LuproLoc needle stick protection device.
03/2014Class IIAbbVie IncDefective Delivery System: Some Lupron Depot Kits may contain a syringe with a potentially defective LuproLoc needle stick protection device.

Class I = reasonable probability of serious harm. Class II = temporary or reversible harm. Class III = unlikely to harm. Most generic recalls are manufacturing or labeling defects for one lot, not a verdict on the molecule.

Evidence base

160randomized trials (PubMed)
1systematic reviews
521registered trials
67%of completed trials posted results
14%terminated or withdrawn
44%industry-funded

Counts measure how much evidence exists and how transparent it is, not how big the benefit is. For that, ask your prescriber: if 100 people like me took this, how many would get better because of it, and how many would be harmed? (Doctors call these the "number needed to treat" and "number needed to harm.") It differs by condition and is the number drug ads leave out. Sources: PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov.

Money and lawsuits

In 2024, drug companies reported $413,295 in payments to US physicians and hospitals tied to this drug across 10,176 transactions (Camcevi $177,829, Eligard $176,332, Fensolvi $59,134).

No pending federal MDL names this drug or its brands.

Settlements of federal marketing and pricing allegations

Settlements of $100M+ in which this drug (Lupron) was a named product, as recorded by the Department of Justice. A settlement resolves allegations; civil settlements are not admissions and not findings of wrongdoing. They are shown because off-label promotion cases describe how the evidence many prescribers saw was shaped.

Sources: CMS Open Payments (Sunshine Act); Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation pending docket list; DOJ settlements as tabulated on Wikipedia with links to the primary record. State-court and individual suits are not included.

Who takes it and what it costs

15,627Medicare Part D patients (2024)
41,112prescriptions filled
$4,304average cost per fill
$177Mtotal Medicare spend
ProductFills$/fill
Lupron Depot31,645$5,182
Eligard9,193$1,328
Leuprolide Depot160$1,279
Lupron Depot-Ped99$5,300
Leuprolide Acetate15$941

Same-class alternatives

buserelingoserelin

Same ATC pharmacological class, graded ones first, best grade at the top. Being in the same class does not make them interchangeable for your condition; it makes them worth asking about.

Questions to ask your prescriber

  1. The maker paid $875 million in 2001 to settle federal allegations about how this drug was marketed. Is my use one of the uses that was promoted improperly?
  2. The most-reported problems in FDA's adverse event data are death, hot flush, intercepted product preparation error, syringe issue. How would we recognize and handle those?
  3. Why this one over buserelin, goserelin, histrelin? What would make you pick one of those instead?
  4. What result are we expecting, by when, and what is the plan if it does not happen?
  5. If 100 people like me took this drug, how many would actually get better because of it, and how many would be harmed by it? (Doctors call these the number needed to treat and the number needed to harm.)