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levocetirizine

Sold as Xyzal. Class: Piperazine derivatives. First FDA approval 05/25/2007: 19 years on the US market.

This grade answers one narrow question: how strong is the public evidence and safety record behind this drug, and how clean is its money trail and court record? It is not a verdict on whether the drug is right for you.

B

Score breakdown (78/100)

Safety ×35%
A
Evidence ×25%
F
Regulatory ×15%
B
Money & lawsuits ×15%
A
Options ×10%
A

Safety: 92

Evidence: 33

Regulatory history: 87

Money & lawsuits: 100

Options: 100

Independent reviews and post-approval warnings

FDA Drug Safety Communications

Warnings the FDA chose to announce publicly after approval, as opposed to quiet label edits. Class-wide items name the drug's class, not this drug specifically.

What the FDA label says

Approved uses

Levocetirizine dihydrochloride is a histamine H 1 -receptor antagonist indicated for: The treatment of the uncomplicated skin manifestations of chronic idiopathic urticaria ( 1.2 ) 1.2 Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria Levocetirizine dihydrochloride tablets are indicated for the treatment of the uncomplicated skin manifestations of chronic idiopathic urticaria in adults and children 6 years of age and older.

Contraindications

The use of levocetirizine dihydrochloride is contraindicated in: Patients with a known hypersensitivity to levocetirizine or any of the ingredients of levocetirizine dihydrochloride tablets or to cetirizine ( 4.1 ) Patients with end-stage renal disease at less than 10 mL/min creatinine clearance or patients undergoing hemodialysis ( 4.2 ) Children 6 months to 11 years of age with renal impairment ( 4.3 ) 4.1 Patients with Known Hypersensitivity Patients with known hypersensitivity to levocetirizine or any of the ingredients of levocetirizine dihydrochloride tablets, or to cetirizine. Observed reactions range from urticaria to anaphylaxis [see Adverse Reactions (6.2) ]. 4.2 Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease Patients with end-stage renal disease (CL CR <10 mL/min) and patients undergoing hemodialysis 4.3 Pediatric Patients with Impaired Renal Function Children 6 months to 11 years of age with impaired renal function

Warnings and precautions

Somnolence: Somnolence, fatigue, and asthenia have been reported with use of levocetirizine dihydrochloride tablets in some patients in clinical trials. Avoid engaging in hazardous occupations requiring complete mental alertness such as driving or operating machinery when taking levocetirizine dihydrochloride tablets. Avoid concurrent use of alcohol or other central nervous system depressants with levocetirizine dihydrochloride tablets. ( 5.1 ) Urinary Retention: Urinary retention has been reported with use of levocetirizine dihydrochloride tablets. Use with caution in patients with predisposing factors of urinary retention (e.g. spinal cord lesion, prostatic hyperplasia). Discontinue levocetirizine dihydrochloride tablets if urinary retention occurs. ( 5.2 ) Risk of New Onset Pruritus After Discontinuation of Levocetirizine dihydrochloride tablets: New onset pruritus within a few days after discontinuation of Levocetirizine dihydrochloride tablets has been reported, usually after long-term use (e.g., few months to years) of Levocetirizine dihydrochloride tablets. Symptoms may improve with restarting or tapering Levocetirizine dihydrochloride tablets ( 5.3 ). 5.1 Somnolence In clin...

Adverse reactions (label)

The following clinically significant adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling: Somnolence [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] Urinary Retention [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] Risk of New Onset Pruritus After Discontinuation of Levocetirizine dihydrochloride tablets [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] The most common adverse reactions (rate ≥2% and > placebo) were somnolence, nasopharyngitis, fatigue, dry mouth, and pharyngitis in subjects 12 years of age and older, and pyrexia, somnolence, cough, and epistaxis in children 6 to 12 years of age. In subjects 1 to 5 years of age, the most common adverse reactions (rate ≥2% and > placebo) were pyrexia, diarrhea, vomiting, and otitis media. In subjects 6 to 11 months of age, the most common adverse reactions (rate ≥3% and > placebo) were diarrhea and constipation. ( 6.1 ). To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact ScieGen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. at 1-855-724-3436 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to ...

Recent major label changes

Warnings and Precautions, Risk of New Onset Pruritus After Discontinuation of Levocetirizine dihydrochloride tablets ( 5.3 ) 07/2025

Source: FDA SPL label for levocetirizine dihydrochloride (Golden State Medical Supply, Inc.), effective 20260813. Full label on DailyMed.

Side-effect reports sent to the FDA

These are counts of reports people filed, not rates of harm. Anyone can file one, and nobody checks whether the drug was the cause. Millions of doses are taken for every report sent, so the useful part is how this drug compares with the average across all drugs.

28,762reports that mention this drug
28,717of those blame this drug, not another one the person was taking
43%of reports describe a serious outcome, such as a hospital stay (average for all drugs: 57%)
4.4%of reports include a death, from any cause (average for all drugs: 9.1%)

Problems reported most often

Drug Ineffective · 3,535Somnolence · 2,269Fatigue · 2,087Headache · 1,577Pruritus · 1,546Nausea · 1,429Diarrhoea · 1,364Dyspnoea · 1,325Off Label Use · 1,160Dizziness · 1,125Cough · 1,013Arthralgia · 983Pain · 952Rash · 951Vomiting · 892

Reports per year

20192020202120222023202420252026
2,9212,5593,2962,5712,5622,6512,6221,316

2,824 reports blaming this drug for every million Medicare prescriptions filled, which is 1.0× the typical drug on this site. (6,571 reports in 2024–2026, against 2,327,230 Medicare fills in one year. This is the one number here that accounts for how many people take the drug.)

Source: the FDA's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Reports are voluntary and unverified. Drugs that are prescribed a lot, in the news, or in lawsuits attract more reports, so the percentages are compared with the whole database to correct for that partly, not fully.

Recalls and regulatory record

0recall actions on file
4 / 24brand / generic applications
6label changes since 2021
NoREMS program

Evidence base

90randomized trials (PubMed)
7systematic reviews
84registered trials
29%of completed trials posted results
4%terminated or withdrawn
69%industry-funded

Counts measure how much evidence exists and how transparent it is, not how big the benefit is. For that, ask your prescriber: if 100 people like me took this, how many would get better because of it, and how many would be harmed? (Doctors call these the "number needed to treat" and "number needed to harm.") It differs by condition and is the number drug ads leave out. Sources: PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov.

Money and lawsuits

In 2024, drug companies reported $0 in payments to US physicians and hospitals tied to this drug across 0 transactions.

No pending federal MDL names this drug or its brands.

Not named in any federal pharmaceutical settlement of $100M or more on record.

Sources: CMS Open Payments (Sunshine Act); Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation pending docket list; DOJ settlements as tabulated on Wikipedia with links to the primary record. State-court and individual suits are not included.

Who takes it and what it costs

712,089Medicare Part D patients (2024)
2,327,230prescriptions filled
$12average cost per fill
$28Mtotal Medicare spend

Same-class alternatives

buclizinechlorcyclizinecyclizineoxatomide

Same ATC pharmacological class, graded ones first, best grade at the top. Being in the same class does not make them interchangeable for your condition; it makes them worth asking about.

Questions to ask your prescriber

  1. In 2025 the FDA issued a safety communication about this drug (FDA requires warning about rare but severe itching after stopping long-term use of oral allergy medicines ceti). Does that risk apply to me?
  2. The most-reported problems in FDA's adverse event data are somnolence, fatigue, headache. How would we recognize and handle those?
  3. Why this one over buclizine, cetirizine, chlorcyclizine? What would make you pick one of those instead?
  4. What result are we expecting, by when, and what is the plan if it does not happen?
  5. If 100 people like me took this drug, how many would actually get better because of it, and how many would be harmed by it? (Doctors call these the number needed to treat and the number needed to harm.)