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mesalamine

Sold as Pentasa, Apriso, Lialda, Canasa, Delzicol and 1 more. Class: Aminosalicylic acid and similar agents. First FDA approval 12/24/1987: 39 years on the US market.

This grade answers one narrow question: how strong is the public evidence and safety record behind this drug, and how clean is its money trail and court record? It is not a verdict on whether the drug is right for you.

B

Score breakdown (77/100)

Safety ×35%
B
Evidence ×25%
F
Regulatory ×15%
B
Money & lawsuits ×15%
A
Options ×10%
A

Safety: 80

Evidence: 48

Regulatory history: 81

Money & lawsuits: 100

Options: 100

What the FDA label says

Approved uses

® is indicated for the: induction and maintenance of remission in adult patients with mildly to moderately active ulcerative colitis. treatment of mildly to moderately active ulcerative colitis in pediatric patients weighing at least 24 kg. LIALDA is an aminosalicylate indicated for the: induction and maintenance of remission in adult patients with mildly to moderately active ulcerative colitis. ( 1 ) treatment of mildly to moderately active ulcerative colitis in pediatric patients weighing at least 24 kg. ( 1 )

Contraindications

is contraindicated in patients with known or suspected hypersensitivity to salicylates, aminosalicylates, or to any of the ingredients of LIALDA [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) , Adverse Reactions (6.2) , Description (11) ] . Known or suspected hypersensitivity to salicylates or aminosalicylates or to any of the ingredients of LIALDA. ( 4 )

Warnings and precautions

Renal Impairment : Assess renal function at the beginning of treatment and periodically during treatment. Evaluate the risks and benefits of LIALDA in patients with known renal impairment or taking nephrotoxic drugs. Discontinue LIALDA if renal function deteriorates while on therapy. ( 5.1 , 7.1 , 8.6 ) Mesalamine-Induced Acute Intolerance Syndrome : Symptoms may be difficult to distinguish from an ulcerative colitis exacerbation. Monitor for worsening symptoms while on treatment. Discontinue treatment if acute intolerance syndrome is suspected. ( 5.2 ) Hypersensitivity Reactions, including myocarditis and pericarditis : Evaluate patients immediately and discontinue LIALDA if a hypersensitivity reaction is suspected. ( 5.3 ) Hepatic Failure : Evaluate the risks and benefits of using LIALDA in patients with known liver impairment. ( 5.4 ) Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions : Discontinue at the first signs or symptoms of severe cutaneous adverse reactions or other signs of hypersensitivity and consider further evaluation. ( 5.5 ) Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Obstruction : Avoid in patients with pyloric stenosis or other organic or functional obstruction. ( 5.6 ) Photosensitivity : Ad...

Adverse reactions (label)

The following clinically significant adverse reactions are described elsewhere in labeling: Renal impairment, including renal failure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] Mesalamine-induced acute intolerance syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] Hypersensitivity reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] Hepatic failure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] Severe cutaneous adverse reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] Upper gastrointestinal tract obstruction [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] Photosensitivity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] Nephrolithiasis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) ] Most common adverse reactions in: adults (≥2%) are headache, flatulence, liver function test abnormal, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. ( 6.1 ) pediatric patients (≥5%) are abdominal pain, upper respiratory tract infection, vomiting, anemia, headache, and viral infection. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Takeda Pharmaceuticals at 1-800-828-2088 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinica...

Recent major label changes

Warnings and Precautions, Renal Impairment ( 5.1 ) 11/2022

Source: FDA SPL label for Lialda (Takeda Pharmaceuticals America, Inc.), effective 20260324. Full label on DailyMed.

Side-effect reports sent to the FDA

These are counts of reports people filed, not rates of harm. Anyone can file one, and nobody checks whether the drug was the cause. Millions of doses are taken for every report sent, so the useful part is how this drug compares with the average across all drugs.

63,326reports that mention this drug
63,221of those blame this drug, not another one the person was taking
82%of reports describe a serious outcome, such as a hospital stay (average for all drugs: 57%)
6.0%of reports include a death, from any cause (average for all drugs: 9.1%)

Problems reported most often

Off Label Use · 11,970Drug Ineffective · 9,314Colitis Ulcerative · 8,479Condition Aggravated · 6,168Diarrhoea · 5,758Fatigue · 4,783Haematochezia · 4,448Abdominal Pain · 4,271Nausea · 3,829Headache · 3,799Crohn^S Disease · 3,761Arthralgia · 3,687Weight Decreased · 3,456Pyrexia · 3,368Malaise · 3,302

Reports per year

20192020202120222023202420252026
5,1065,8246,2066,0825,9325,8265,5352,249

20,828 reports blaming this drug for every million Medicare prescriptions filled, which is 7.5× the typical drug on this site. (13,564 reports in 2024–2026, against 651,247 Medicare fills in one year. This is the one number here that accounts for how many people take the drug.)

Source: the FDA's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Reports are voluntary and unverified. Drugs that are prescribed a lot, in the news, or in lawsuits attract more reports, so the percentages are compared with the whole database to correct for that partly, not fully.

Recalls and regulatory record

5recall actions on file
9 / 36brand / generic applications
30label changes since 2021
NoREMS program
DateClassFirmReason
02/2024Class IISUN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES INCFailed Dissolution Specifications: Out of specification for dissolution.
01/2024Class IISUN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES INCCGMP Deviations: Microbial contamination was reported in stagnant water in the duct of the manufacturing equipment.
10/2020Class IITeva Pharmaceuticals USAFailed Dissolution Specifications: Out-of-specification dissolution results were obtained during stability testing.
02/2020Class IITeva Pharmaceuticals USAFailed Dissolution Specifications: Low out of specification dissolution result observed during stability testing.
12/2016Class IIIShire PLCPresence of Foreign Tablets/Capsules; 500 mg capsules were found in bottles labeled to contain 250 mg capsules

Class I = reasonable probability of serious harm. Class II = temporary or reversible harm. Class III = unlikely to harm. Most generic recalls are manufacturing or labeling defects for one lot, not a verdict on the molecule.

Evidence base

88randomized trials (PubMed)
18systematic reviews
229registered trials
34%of completed trials posted results
12%terminated or withdrawn
54%industry-funded

Independent Cochrane reviews

Counts measure how much evidence exists and how transparent it is, not how big the benefit is. For that, ask your prescriber: if 100 people like me took this, how many would get better because of it, and how many would be harmed? (Doctors call these the "number needed to treat" and "number needed to harm.") It differs by condition and is the number drug ads leave out. Sources: PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov.

Money and lawsuits

In 2024, drug companies reported $0 in payments to US physicians and hospitals tied to this drug across 0 transactions.

No pending federal MDL names this drug or its brands.

Not named in any federal pharmaceutical settlement of $100M or more on record.

Sources: CMS Open Payments (Sunshine Act); Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation pending docket list; DOJ settlements as tabulated on Wikipedia with links to the primary record. State-court and individual suits are not included.

Who takes it and what it costs

154,730Medicare Part D patients (2024)
651,247prescriptions filled
$479average cost per fill
$312Mtotal Medicare spend
ProductFills$/fill
Mesalamine426,970$479
Mesalamine ER142,036$290
Mesalamine Dr47,962$459
Pentasa22,117$1,358
Apriso6,392$820
Lialda4,327$1,624
Canasa842$1,430
Delzicol584$1,103

Same-class alternatives

balsalazideolsalazine

Same ATC pharmacological class, graded ones first, best grade at the top. Being in the same class does not make them interchangeable for your condition; it makes them worth asking about.

Questions to ask your prescriber

  1. The most-reported problems in FDA's adverse event data are colitis ulcerative, condition aggravated. How would we recognize and handle those?
  2. Off-label use is among the most-reported items for this drug. Is my use on-label, and if not, what evidence supports it?
  3. Why this one over balsalazide, olsalazine, sulfasalazine? What would make you pick one of those instead?
  4. What result are we expecting, by when, and what is the plan if it does not happen?
  5. If 100 people like me took this drug, how many would actually get better because of it, and how many would be harmed by it? (Doctors call these the number needed to treat and the number needed to harm.)