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paliperidone

Sold as Invega, Erzofri. First FDA approval 12/19/2006: 20 years on the US market.

This grade answers one narrow question: how strong is the public evidence and safety record behind this drug, and how clean is its money trail and court record? It is not a verdict on whether the drug is right for you.

D

Score breakdown (62/100)

Safety ×35%
D
Evidence ×25%
D
Regulatory ×15%
B
Money & lawsuits ×15%
D
Options ×10%
C

Safety: 57

Evidence: 60

Regulatory history: 86

Money & lawsuits: 50

Options: 70

FDA boxed warning

WARNING: INCREASED MORTALITY IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH DEMENTIA-RELATED PSYCHOSIS Elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs are at an increased risk of death. INVEGA is not approved for the treatment of patients with dementia-related psychosis. [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] WARNING: INCREASED MORTALITY IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH DEMENTIA-RELATED PSYCHOSIS See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning . Elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs are at an increased risk of death. INVEGA is not approved for use in patients with dementia-related psychosis. ( 5.1 )

Independent reviews and post-approval warnings

WHO Essential Medicine

Listed on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines: a global expert panel judged it among the medicines a health system should always have, on evidence of value, not marketing.

What the FDA label says

Approved uses

is an atypical antipsychotic agent indicated for Treatment of schizophrenia ( 1.1 ) Adults: Efficacy was established in three 6-week trials and one maintenance trial. ( 14.1 ) Adolescents (ages 12–17): Efficacy was established in one 6-week trial. ( 14.1 ) Treatment of schizoaffective disorder as monotherapy and as an adjunct to mood stabilizers and/or antidepressants. ( 1.2 ) Efficacy was established in two 6-week trials in adult patients. ( 14.2 ) 1.1 Schizophrenia INVEGA (paliperidone) Extended-Release Tablets are indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia [see Clinical Studies (14.1) ] . The efficacy of INVEGA in schizophrenia was established in three 6-week trials in adults and one 6-week trial in adolescents, as well as one maintenance trial in adults. 1.2 Schizoaffective Disorder INVEGA (paliperidone) Extended-Release Tablets are indicated for the treatment of schizoaffective disorder as monotherapy and an adjunct to mood stabilizers and/or antidepressant therapy [see Clinical Studies (14.2) ] . The efficacy of INVEGA in schizoaffective disorder was established in two 6-week trials in adults.

Contraindications

is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to either paliperidone or risperidone, or to any of the excipients in the INVEGA formulation. Hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylactic reactions and angioedema, have been reported in patients treated with risperidone and in patients treated with paliperidone. Paliperidone is a metabolite of risperidone. Known hypersensitivity to paliperidone, risperidone, or to any excipients in INVEGA. ( 4 )

Warnings and precautions

Cerebrovascular Adverse Reactions: An increased incidence of cerebrovascular adverse reactions (e.g. stroke, transient ischemic attack, including fatalities) has been seen in elderly patients with dementia- related psychoses treated with atypical antipsychotics. ( 5.2 ) Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome: Manage with immediate discontinuation of drug and close monitoring. ( 5.3 ) QT Prolongation: Increase in QT interval, avoid use with drugs that also increase QT interval and in patients with risk factors for prolonged QT interval. ( 5.4 ) Tardive Dyskinesia: Discontinue drug if clinically appropriate. ( 5.5 ) Metabolic Changes: Atypical antipsychotic drugs have been associated with metabolic changes that may increase cardiovascular/ cerebrovascular risk. These metabolic changes include hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and weight gain. ( 5.6 ) Hyperglycemia and Diabetes Mellitus: Monitor patients for symptoms of hyperglycemia including polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, and weakness. Monitor glucose regularly in patients with diabetes or at risk for diabetes. ( 5.6 ) Dyslipidemia: Undesirable alterations have been observed in patients treated with atypical antipsychotics. ( 5.6 ) Weight Gai...

Adverse reactions (label)

The following adverse reactions are discussed in more detail in other sections of the labeling: Increased mortality in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis [see Boxed Warning and Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] Cerebrovascular adverse reactions, including stroke, in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] Neuroleptic malignant syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] QT prolongation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] Tardive dyskinesia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] Metabolic changes [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] Hyperprolactinemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] Potential for gastrointestinal obstruction [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) ] Orthostatic hypotension and syncope [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9) ] Falls [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10) ] Leukopenia, neutropenia, and agranulocytosis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11) ] Potential for cognitive and motor impairment [see Warnings and Precautions (5.12) ] Seizures [see Warnings and Precautions (5.13) ] Dysphagia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.14) ] Priapism [see Warnings and Precautions (5.15) ] Disruption of body temperat...

Recent major label changes

Dosage and Administration ( 2.5 ) 1/2025 Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7 ) 1/2025

Source: FDA SPL label for INVEGA (Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.), effective 20250131. Full label on DailyMed.

Side-effect reports sent to the FDA

These are counts of reports people filed, not rates of harm. Anyone can file one, and nobody checks whether the drug was the cause. Millions of doses are taken for every report sent, so the useful part is how this drug compares with the average across all drugs.

46,498reports that mention this drug
46,360of those blame this drug, not another one the person was taking
48%of reports describe a serious outcome, such as a hospital stay (average for all drugs: 57%)
4.5%of reports include a death, from any cause (average for all drugs: 9.1%)

Problems reported most often

Off Label Use · 4,696Injury · 4,355Gynaecomastia · 4,170Drug Ineffective · 3,207Weight Increased · 2,393Hospitalisation · 2,219Abnormal Weight Gain · 1,819Schizophrenia · 1,551Product Dose Omission Issue · 1,525Hyperprolactinaemia · 1,477Treatment Noncompliance · 1,405Galactorrhoea · 1,311Condition Aggravated · 1,304Product Use In Unapproved Indication · 1,260Psychotic Disorder · 1,090

Reports per year

20192020202120222023202420252026
3,3132,9482,8753,7393,2543,0183,1091,545

6,959 reports blaming this drug for every million Medicare prescriptions filled, which is 2.5× the typical drug on this site. (7,596 reports in 2024–2026, against 1,091,524 Medicare fills in one year. This is the one number here that accounts for how many people take the drug.)

Source: the FDA's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Reports are voluntary and unverified. Drugs that are prescribed a lot, in the news, or in lawsuits attract more reports, so the percentages are compared with the whole database to correct for that partly, not fully.

Recalls and regulatory record

1recall actions on file
5 / 15brand / generic applications
14label changes since 2021
NoREMS program
DateClassFirmReason
02/2022Class IIThe Harvard Drug GroupFailed Dissolution Specifications

Class I = reasonable probability of serious harm. Class II = temporary or reversible harm. Class III = unlikely to harm. Most generic recalls are manufacturing or labeling defects for one lot, not a verdict on the molecule.

Evidence base

125randomized trials (PubMed)
26systematic reviews
216registered trials
37%of completed trials posted results
9%terminated or withdrawn
77%industry-funded

Independent Cochrane reviews

Counts measure how much evidence exists and how transparent it is, not how big the benefit is. For that, ask your prescriber: if 100 people like me took this, how many would get better because of it, and how many would be harmed? (Doctors call these the "number needed to treat" and "number needed to harm.") It differs by condition and is the number drug ads leave out. Sources: PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov.

Money and lawsuits

In 2024, drug companies reported $100,344 in payments to US physicians and hospitals tied to this drug across 1,718 transactions (Invega $100,344).

No pending federal MDL names this drug or its brands.

Settlements of federal marketing and pricing allegations

Settlements of $100M+ in which this drug (Invega) was a named product, as recorded by the Department of Justice. A settlement resolves allegations; civil settlements are not admissions and not findings of wrongdoing. They are shown because off-label promotion cases describe how the evidence many prescribers saw was shaped.

Sources: CMS Open Payments (Sunshine Act); Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation pending docket list; DOJ settlements as tabulated on Wikipedia with links to the primary record. State-court and individual suits are not included.

Who takes it and what it costs

147,657Medicare Part D patients (2024)
1,091,524prescriptions filled
$2,398average cost per fill
$2,618Mtotal Medicare spend
ProductFills$/fill
Invega Sustenna624,867$3,006
Paliperidone ER392,711$199
Invega Trinza63,911$8,603
Invega Hafyera5,856$18,687
Invega4,179$562

Same-class alternatives

No same-class alternatives found in RxClass.

Questions to ask your prescriber

  1. The maker paid $2.2 billion in 2013 to settle federal allegations about how this drug was marketed. Is my use one of the uses that was promoted improperly?
  2. This drug carries a boxed warning. Which specific risk does it cover, and does it apply to me?
  3. The most-reported problems in FDA's adverse event data are injury, gynaecomastia. How would we recognize and handle those?
  4. Off-label use is among the most-reported items for this drug. Is my use on-label, and if not, what evidence supports it?
  5. What result are we expecting, by when, and what is the plan if it does not happen?
  6. If 100 people like me took this drug, how many would actually get better because of it, and how many would be harmed by it? (Doctors call these the number needed to treat and the number needed to harm.)