RxDecoder My Rx
‹ All drugs

pramipexole

Sold as Mirapex. Class: Dopamine agonists. First FDA approval 07/01/1997: 29 years on the US market.

This grade answers one narrow question: how strong is the public evidence and safety record behind this drug, and how clean is its money trail and court record? It is not a verdict on whether the drug is right for you.

B

Score breakdown (86/100)

Safety ×35%
A
Evidence ×25%
D
Regulatory ×15%
A
Money & lawsuits ×15%
A
Options ×10%
A

Safety: 92

Evidence: 60

Regulatory history: 91

Money & lawsuits: 100

Options: 100

Independent reviews and post-approval warnings

FDA Drug Safety Communications

Warnings the FDA chose to announce publicly after approval, as opposed to quiet label edits. Class-wide items name the drug's class, not this drug specifically.

What the FDA label says

Approved uses

tablets are a non-ergot dopamine agonist indicated for the treatment of: Parkinson’s disease (PD) ( 1.1 ) Moderate-to-severe primary Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) ( 1.2 ) 1.1 Parkinson’s Disease Pramipexole dihydrochloride tablets are indicated for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. 1.2 Restless Legs Syndrome Pramipexole dihydrochloride tablets are indicated for the treatment of moderate-to-severe primary Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS).

Contraindications

None. None ( 4 )

Warnings and precautions

Falling Asleep During Activities of Daily Living: Sudden onset of sleep may occur without warning; advise patients to report symptoms ( 5.1 ) Symptomatic Orthostatic Hypotension: Monitor during dose escalation ( 5.2 ) Impulse Control/Compulsive Behaviors: Patients may experience compulsive behaviors and other intense urges ( 5.3 ) Hallucinations and Psychotic-like Behavior: May occur; risk increases with age. ( 5.4 ) Dyskinesia: May be caused or exacerbated by PRAMIPEXOLE DIHYDROCHLORIDE tablets ( 5.5 ) Postural Deformity: Consider reducing the dose or discontinuing PRAMIPEXOLE DIHYDROCHLORIDE tablets if postural deformity occurs ( 5.6 ) 5.1 Falling Asleep During Activities of Daily Living and Somnolence Patients treated with pramipexole have reported falling asleep while engaged in activities of daily living, including the operation of motor vehicles which sometimes resulted in accidents. Although many of these patients reported somnolence while on pramipexole tablets, some perceived that they had no warning signs (sleep attack) such as excessive drowsiness, and believed that they were alert immediately prior to the event. Some of these events had been reported as late as one year...

Adverse reactions (label)

The following adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the labeling: Falling Asleep During Activities of Daily Living and Somnolence [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ) ]. Symptomatic Orthostatic Hypotension [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 ) ]. Impulse Control/Compulsive Behaviors [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 ) ]. Hallucinations and Psychotic-like Behavior [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 ) ]. Dyskinesia [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 ) ]. Postural Deformity [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6 ) ]. Rhabdomyolysis [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.8 ) ]. Retinal Pathology [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.9 ) ]. Events Reported with Dopaminergic Therapy [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.10 ) ]. Withdrawal Symptoms [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.11 ) ] Most common adverse reactions (incidence >5% and greater than placebo): Early PD without levodopa: nausea, dizziness, somnolence, insomnia, constipation, asthenia, and hallucinations ( 6.1 ) Advanced PD with levodopa: postural (orthostatic) hypotension, dyskinesia, extrapyramidal syndrome, insomnia, dizziness, hallucinations, accidental injury, dream abnormalities, confusi...

Recent major label changes

Warnings and Precautions, Withdrawal Symptoms ( 5.11 ) 7/2021

Source: FDA SPL label for Pramipexole Dihydrochloride (ScieGen Pharmaceuticals Inc), effective 20251224. Full label on DailyMed.

Side-effect reports sent to the FDA

These are counts of reports people filed, not rates of harm. Anyone can file one, and nobody checks whether the drug was the cause. Millions of doses are taken for every report sent, so the useful part is how this drug compares with the average across all drugs.

26,326reports that mention this drug
26,236of those blame this drug, not another one the person was taking
70%of reports describe a serious outcome, such as a hospital stay (average for all drugs: 57%)
7.9%of reports include a death, from any cause (average for all drugs: 9.1%)

Problems reported most often

Drug Ineffective · 2,250Fall · 1,885Fatigue · 1,809Nausea · 1,529Dizziness · 1,330Pain · 1,316Dyspnoea · 1,259Off Label Use · 1,245Hallucination · 1,219Condition Aggravated · 1,194Headache · 1,091Insomnia · 1,080Gait Disturbance · 1,037Death · 982Dyskinesia · 959

Reports per year

20192020202120222023202420252026
2,6212,5982,2892,0651,7738602,0321,089

Source: the FDA's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Reports are voluntary and unverified. Drugs that are prescribed a lot, in the news, or in lawsuits attract more reports, so the percentages are compared with the whole database to correct for that partly, not fully.

Recalls and regulatory record

2recall actions on file
3 / 30brand / generic applications
3label changes since 2021
NoREMS program
DateClassFirmReason
08/2019Class IIIMacleods Pharma Usa IncSubpotent Drug: Out of specification result during stability study in Pramipexole Dihydrochloride Tablets 0.125 mg
12/2015Class IIMacleods Pharma Usa IncPresence of Foreign Tablets/Capsules: Presence of a comingled Carbimazole 5 mg tablet.

Class I = reasonable probability of serious harm. Class II = temporary or reversible harm. Class III = unlikely to harm. Most generic recalls are manufacturing or labeling defects for one lot, not a verdict on the molecule.

Evidence base

114randomized trials (PubMed)
18systematic reviews
180registered trials
50%of completed trials posted results
12%terminated or withdrawn
71%industry-funded

Independent Cochrane reviews

Counts measure how much evidence exists and how transparent it is, not how big the benefit is. For that, ask your prescriber: if 100 people like me took this, how many would get better because of it, and how many would be harmed? (Doctors call these the "number needed to treat" and "number needed to harm.") It differs by condition and is the number drug ads leave out. Sources: PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov.

Money and lawsuits

In 2024, drug companies reported $0 in payments to US physicians and hospitals tied to this drug across 0 transactions.

No pending federal MDL names this drug or its brands.

Not named in any federal pharmaceutical settlement of $100M or more on record.

Sources: CMS Open Payments (Sunshine Act); Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation pending docket list; DOJ settlements as tabulated on Wikipedia with links to the primary record. State-court and individual suits are not included.

Who takes it and what it costs

Not in the Medicare Part D spending file (typically hospital-administered or very new drugs).

Same-class alternatives

apomorphinebromocriptinecabergolinedihydroergocryptine mesylatepergolidepiribedilrotigotine

Same ATC pharmacological class, graded ones first, best grade at the top. Being in the same class does not make them interchangeable for your condition; it makes them worth asking about.

Questions to ask your prescriber

  1. In 2012 the FDA issued a safety communication about this drug (Ongoing safety review of Parkinson’s drug Mirapex (pramipexole) and possible risk of heart failure). Does that risk apply to me?
  2. The most-reported problems in FDA's adverse event data are fall, fatigue, nausea. How would we recognize and handle those?
  3. Why this one over apomorphine, bromocriptine, cabergoline? What would make you pick one of those instead?
  4. What result are we expecting, by when, and what is the plan if it does not happen?
  5. If 100 people like me took this drug, how many would actually get better because of it, and how many would be harmed by it? (Doctors call these the number needed to treat and the number needed to harm.)