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ticagrelor

Sold as Brilinta. Class: Platelet aggregation inhibitors excl. heparin. First FDA approval 07/20/2011: 15 years on the US market.

This grade answers one narrow question: how strong is the public evidence and safety record behind this drug, and how clean is its money trail and court record? It is not a verdict on whether the drug is right for you.

C

Score breakdown (65/100)

Safety ×35%
F
Evidence ×25%
C
Regulatory ×15%
C
Money & lawsuits ×15%
A
Options ×10%
A

Safety: 35

Evidence: 68

Regulatory history: 73

Money & lawsuits: 100

Options: 100

FDA boxed warning

WARNING: BLEEDING RISK Ticagrelor tablets , like other antiplatelet agents, can cause significant, sometimes fatal bleeding (5.1, 6.1 ) . Do not use ticagrelor tablets in patients with active pathological bleeding or a history of intracranial hemorrhage ( 4.1, 4.2 ). Do not start ticagrelor tablets in patients undergoing urgent coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) ( 5.1, 6.1). If possible, manage bleeding without discontinuing ticagrelor tablets. Stopping ticagrelor tablets increases the risk of subsequent cardiovascular events ( 5.2 ) . WARNING: BLEEDING RISK See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. Ticagrelor tablets , like other antiplatelet agents, can cause significant, sometimes fatal bleeding. ( 5.1 , 6.1 ) Do not use ticagrelor tablets in patients with active pathological bleeding or a history of intracranial hemorrhage. ( 4.1 , 4.2 ) Do not start ticagrelor tablets in patients undergoing urgent coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). ( 5.1, 6.1 ) If possible, manage bleeding without discontinuing ticagrelor tablets. Stopping ticagrelor tablets increases the risk of subsequent cardiovascular events. ( 5.2 )

Independent reviews and post-approval warnings

FDA Drug Safety Communications

Warnings the FDA chose to announce publicly after approval, as opposed to quiet label edits. Class-wide items name the drug's class, not this drug specifically.

What the FDA label says

Approved uses

Ticagrelor tablets are a P2Y 12 platelet inhibitor indicated to reduce the risk of cardiovascular (CV) death, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or a history of MI. For at least the first 12 months following ACS, it is superior to clopidogrel. Ticagrelor tablets also reduces the risk of stent thrombosis in patients who have been stented for treatment of ACS. (1.1) to reduce the risk of a first MI or stroke in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) at high risk for such events. While use is not limited to this setting, the efficacy of ticagrelor tablets were established in a population with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). (1.2) to reduce the risk of stroke in patients with acute ischemic stroke (NIH Stroke Scale score ≤5) or high-risk transient ischemic attack (TIA). (1.3) 1.1 Acute Coronary Syndrome or a History of Myocardial Infarction Ticagrelor tablets are indicated to reduce the risk of cardiovascular (CV) death, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or a history of MI. For at least the first 12 months following ACS, it is superior to clopidogrel. Ticagrelor tablets also red...

Contraindications

History of intracranial hemorrhage. (4.1) Active pathological bleeding. (4.2) Hypersensitivity to ticagrelor or any component of the product. (4.3 ) 4.1 History of Intracranial Hemorrhage Ticagrelor tablets are contraindicated in patients with a history of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) because of a high risk of recurrent ICH in this population [see Clinical Studies (14.1), (14.2) ]. 4.2 Active Bleeding Ticagrelor tablets are contraindicated in patients with active pathological bleeding such as peptic ulcer or intracranial hemorrhage [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Adverse Reactions (6.1) ]. 4.3 Hypersensitivity Ticagrelor tablets are contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity (e.g., angioedema) to ticagrelor or any component of the product.

Warnings and precautions

Dyspnea was reported more frequently with ticagrelor tablets than with control agents in clinical trials. Dyspnea from ticagrelor tablets is self-limiting. (5.3 ) Severe Hepatic Impairment: Likely increase in exposure to ticagrelor. (5.5 ) Laboratory Test Interference: False negative platelet functional test results have been reported for Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT). Ticagrelor tablets are not expected to impact PF4 antibody testing for HIT. (5.7 ) 5.1 Risk of Bleeding Drugs that inhibit platelet function including ticagrelor tablets increase the risk of bleeding [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) and Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 )]. Patients treated for acute ischemic stroke or TIA Patients at NIHSS >5 and patients receiving thrombolysis were excluded from THALES and use of ticagrelor tablets in such patients is not recommended. 5.2 Discontinuation of Ticagrelor Tablets in Patients Treated for Coronary Artery Disease Discontinuation of ticagrelor tablets will increase the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and death in patients being treated for coronary artery disease. If ticagrelor tablets must be temporarily discontinued (e.g., to treat bleeding or for significant su...

Adverse reactions (label)

The following adverse reactions are also discussed elsewhere in the labeling: Bleeding [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] Dyspnea [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] Most common adverse reactions (>5%) are bleeding and dyspnea. (5.1, 5.3, 6.1) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Apotex Corp. at 1-800-706-5575 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Ticagrelor tablets have been evaluated for safety in more than 58,000 patients. Bleeding in PLATO (Reduction in risk of thrombotic events in ACS) Figure 1 is a plot of time to the first non-CABG major bleeding event. Figure 1 - Kaplan-Meier estimate of time to first non-CABG PLATO-defined major bleeding event (PLATO) Frequency of bleeding in PLATO is summarized in Tables 1 and 2. About half of the non-CABG major bleeding events were in the first 30 days. Table 1 – Non-CABG related bleeds (PLATO) Ticagrelor * N=9,235 Clopido...

Recent major label changes

RECENT MAJOR CHANGES SECTION Dosage and Administration ( 2.2 , 2.4 ) 03/2024

Source: FDA SPL label for Ticagrelor (Aphena Pharma Solutions - Tennessee, LLC), effective 20251124. Full label on DailyMed.

Side-effect reports sent to the FDA

These are counts of reports people filed, not rates of harm. Anyone can file one, and nobody checks whether the drug was the cause. Millions of doses are taken for every report sent, so the useful part is how this drug compares with the average across all drugs.

32,882reports that mention this drug
32,524of those blame this drug, not another one the person was taking
79%of reports describe a serious outcome, such as a hospital stay (average for all drugs: 57%)
11.1%of reports include a death, from any cause (average for all drugs: 9.1%)

Problems reported most often

Dyspnoea · 3,771Myocardial Infarction · 2,707Death · 1,736Fatigue · 1,568Off Label Use · 1,464Chest Pain · 1,450Dizziness · 1,239Drug Interaction · 1,143Contusion · 1,078Asthenia · 943Acute Kidney Injury · 916Malaise · 898Nausea · 873Drug Ineffective · 855Vascular Stent Thrombosis · 824

Reports per year

20192020202120222023202420252026
3,0142,7802,3951,8762,0992,1731,700792

4,387 reports blaming this drug for every million Medicare prescriptions filled, which is 1.6× the typical drug on this site. (4,514 reports in 2024–2026, against 1,029,007 Medicare fills in one year. This is the one number here that accounts for how many people take the drug.)

Source: the FDA's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Reports are voluntary and unverified. Drugs that are prescribed a lot, in the news, or in lawsuits attract more reports, so the percentages are compared with the whole database to correct for that partly, not fully.

Recalls and regulatory record

2recall actions on file
1 / 21brand / generic applications
4label changes since 2021
NoREMS program
DateClassFirmReason
03/2021Class IICardinal Health Inc.CGMP Deviations: Intermittent exposure to temperature excursion during storage.
05/2017Class IAstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, LPPresence of Foriegn Tablets/Capsules: customer complaint that an 8-count professional sample bottle labeled as BRILINTA 90 mg tablets contained 5 ZURAMPIC 200 mg tablets, in addition to the expected 8 BRILINTA tablets.

Class I = reasonable probability of serious harm. Class II = temporary or reversible harm. Class III = unlikely to harm. Most generic recalls are manufacturing or labeling defects for one lot, not a verdict on the molecule.

Evidence base

487randomized trials (PubMed)
122systematic reviews
623registered trials
32%of completed trials posted results
8%terminated or withdrawn
29%industry-funded

Counts measure how much evidence exists and how transparent it is, not how big the benefit is. For that, ask your prescriber: if 100 people like me took this, how many would get better because of it, and how many would be harmed? (Doctors call these the "number needed to treat" and "number needed to harm.") It differs by condition and is the number drug ads leave out. Sources: PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov.

Money and lawsuits

In 2024, drug companies reported $84,321 in payments to US physicians and hospitals tied to this drug across 2,495 transactions (Brilinta $84,321).

No pending federal MDL names this drug or its brands.

Not named in any federal pharmaceutical settlement of $100M or more on record.

Sources: CMS Open Payments (Sunshine Act); Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation pending docket list; DOJ settlements as tabulated on Wikipedia with links to the primary record. State-court and individual suits are not included.

Who takes it and what it costs

242,931Medicare Part D patients (2024)
1,029,007prescriptions filled
$666average cost per fill
$685Mtotal Medicare spend

Same-class alternatives

3 drugs in the same class grade a letter or more higher than ticagrelor on this site. Worth asking whether one of them would do the same job for you.

abciximabaloxiprincangrelordipyridamoleepoprostenoleptifibatideiloprostindobufenprasugrelselexipagticlopidinetirofibantreprostiniltriflusalvorapaxar

Same ATC pharmacological class, graded ones first, best grade at the top. Being in the same class does not make them interchangeable for your condition; it makes them worth asking about.

Questions to ask your prescriber

  1. In 2016 the FDA issued a safety communication about this drug (FDA approves brand name change for antidepressant drug Brintellix (vortioxetine) to avoid confusion with antip). Does that risk apply to me?
  2. This drug carries a boxed warning. Which specific risk does it cover, and does it apply to me?
  3. The most-reported problems in FDA's adverse event data are dyspnoea, myocardial infarction, death, fatigue. How would we recognize and handle those?
  4. Off-label use is among the most-reported items for this drug. Is my use on-label, and if not, what evidence supports it?
  5. Why this one over abciximab, aloxiprin, aspirin? What would make you pick one of those instead?
  6. What result are we expecting, by when, and what is the plan if it does not happen?
  7. If 100 people like me took this drug, how many would actually get better because of it, and how many would be harmed by it? (Doctors call these the number needed to treat and the number needed to harm.)