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ziprasidone

Sold as Geodon. Class: Indole derivatives. First FDA approval 02/05/2001: 25 years on the US market.

This grade answers one narrow question: how strong is the public evidence and safety record behind this drug, and how clean is its money trail and court record? It is not a verdict on whether the drug is right for you.

C

Score breakdown (66/100)

Safety ×35%
D
Evidence ×25%
D
Regulatory ×15%
B
Money & lawsuits ×15%
B
Options ×10%
A

Safety: 52

Evidence: 59

Regulatory history: 76

Money & lawsuits: 75

Options: 100

FDA boxed warning

WARNING: INCREASED MORTALITY IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH DEMENTIA-RELATED PSYCHOSIS Elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs are at an increased risk of death. Analyses of seventeen placebo-controlled trials (modal duration of 10 weeks), largely in patients taking atypical antipsychotic drugs, revealed a risk of death in drug-treated patients of between 1.6 to 1.7 times the risk of death in placebo-treated patients. Over the course of a typical 10-week controlled trial, the rate of death in drug-treated patients was about 4.5%, compared to a rate of about 2.6% in the placebo group. Although the causes of death were varied, most of the deaths appeared to be either cardiovascular (e.g., heart failure, sudden death) or infectious (e.g., pneumonia) in nature. Observational studies suggest that, similar to atypical antipsychotic drugs, treatment with conventional antipsychotic drugs may increase mortality. The extent to which the findings of increased mortality in observational studies may be attributed to the antipsychotic drug as opposed to some characteristic(s) of the patients is not clear. Ziprasidone hydrochloride capsules are not approved for...

Independent reviews and post-approval warnings

FDA Drug Safety Communications

Warnings the FDA chose to announce publicly after approval, as opposed to quiet label edits. Class-wide items name the drug's class, not this drug specifically.

What the FDA label says

Approved uses

Ziprasidone hydrochloride capsules are indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia. When deciding among the alternative treatments available for the condition needing treatment, the prescriber should consider the finding of ziprasidone’ s greater capacity to prolong the QT/QTc interval compared to several other antipsychotic drugs [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ]. Prolongation of the QTc interval is associated in some other drugs with the ability to cause torsade de pointes-type arrhythmia, a potentially fatal polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, and sudden death. In many cases this would lead to the conclusion that other drugs should be tried first. Whether ziprasidone will cause torsade de pointes or increase the rate of sudden death is not yet known [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] Ziprasidone hydrochloride capsules are an atypical antipsychotic. In choosing among treatments, prescribers should be aware of the capacity of ziprasidone hydrochloride capsules to prolong the QT interval and may consider the use of other drugs first ( 5.2 ) Ziprasidone hydrochloride capsules are indicated as an oral formulation for the: Treatment of schizophrenia. ( 1.1 ) • Adults: Effic...

Contraindications

• Do not use in patients with a known history of QT prolongation ( 4.1 ) • Do not use in patients with recent acute myocardial infarction ( 4.1 ) • Do not use in patients with uncompensated heart failure ( 4.1 ) • Do not use in combination with other drugs that have demonstrated QT prolongation ( 4.1 ) • Do not use in patients with known hypersensitivity to ziprasidone ( 4.2 ) 4.1 QT Prolongation Because of ziprasidone’s dose-related prolongation of the QT interval and the known association of fatal arrhythmias with QT prolongation by some other drugs, ziprasidone is contraindicated: • in patients with a known history of QT prolongation (including congenital long QT syndrome) • in patients with recent acute myocardial infarction • in patients with uncompensated heart failure Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies between ziprasidone and other drugs that prolong the QT interval have not been performed. An additive effect of ziprasidone and other drugs that prolong the QT interval cannot be excluded. Therefore, ziprasidone should not be given with: • dofetilide, sotalol, quinidine, other Class Ia and III anti-arrhythmics, mesoridazine, thioridazine, chlorpromazine, droperidol, pimoz...

Warnings and precautions

• QT Interval Prolongation : Ziprasidone hydrochloride capsules use should be avoided in patients with bradycardia, hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia, congenital prolongation of the QT interval, or in combination with other drugs that have demonstrated QT prolongation. ( 5.2 ) • Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS): Potentially fatal symptom complex has been reported with antipsychotic drugs. Manage with immediate discontinuation of drug and close monitoring. ( 5.3 ) • Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) has been reported with ziprasidone exposure. DRESS is sometimes fatal. Discontinue ziprasidone hydrochloride capsules if DRESS is suspected.( 5.4 ) • Tardive Dyskinesia : May develop acutely or chronically. ( 5.5 ) • Metabolic Changes : Atypical antipsychotic drugs have been associated with metabolic changes that may increase cardiovascular/ cerebrovascular risk. These metabolic changes include hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and weight gain. ( 5.6 ) • Hyperglycemia and Diabetes Mellitus (DM): Monitor all patients for symptoms of hyperglycemia including polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, and weakness. Patients with DM risk factors should undergo blood glucose test...

Adverse reactions (label)

Commonly observed adverse reactions (incidence ≥5% and at least twice the incidence for placebo) were : • Schizophrenia : Somnolence, respiratory tract infection. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Apotex Corp. at 1-800-706-5575 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Clinical trials for oral ziprasidone included approximately 5700 patients and/or normal subjects exposed to one or more doses of ziprasidone. Of these 5700, over 4800 were patients who participated in multiple-dose effectiveness trials, and their experience corresponded to approximately 1831 patient-years. These patients include: (1) 4331 patients who participated in multiple-dose trials, predominantly in schizophrenia, representing approximately 1698 patient-years of exposure as of February 5, 2000. The conditions and duration of treatment with ziprasidone included open-label and double-blind studi...

Recent major label changes

Warnings and Precautions: ( 5.4 ) 12/2014

Source: FDA SPL label for ziprasidone hydrochloride (Proficient Rx LP), effective 20210101. Full label on DailyMed.

Side-effect reports sent to the FDA

These are counts of reports people filed, not rates of harm. Anyone can file one, and nobody checks whether the drug was the cause. Millions of doses are taken for every report sent, so the useful part is how this drug compares with the average across all drugs.

5,247reports that mention this drug
5,185of those blame this drug, not another one the person was taking
80%of reports describe a serious outcome, such as a hospital stay (average for all drugs: 57%)
10.5%of reports include a death, from any cause (average for all drugs: 9.1%)

Problems reported most often

Drug Ineffective · 1,100Suicide Attempt · 685Sedation · 564Dyskinesia · 558Sexual Dysfunction · 509Dystonia · 498Blood Prolactin Abnormal · 482Condition Aggravated · 456Weight Increased · 440Blood Glucose Increased · 430Anosognosia · 426Metabolic Disorder · 424Disturbance In Social Behaviour · 413Personality Change · 386Toxicity To Various Agents · 370

Reports per year

20192020202120222023202420252026
668592539510354263272155

1,036 reports blaming this drug for every million Medicare prescriptions filled, which is 0.4× the typical drug on this site. (663 reports in 2024–2026, against 639,925 Medicare fills in one year. This is the one number here that accounts for how many people take the drug.)

Source: the FDA's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Reports are voluntary and unverified. Drugs that are prescribed a lot, in the news, or in lawsuits attract more reports, so the percentages are compared with the whole database to correct for that partly, not fully.

Recalls and regulatory record

1recall actions on file
3 / 12brand / generic applications
4label changes since 2021
NoREMS program
DateClassFirmReason
05/2023Class IThe Harvard Drug Group LLC dba Major Pharmaceuticals and Rugby LaboratoriesLabeling: Label Mix-up: Unit Dose cartons labeled as Ziprasidone Hydrochloride Capsules, 20 mg were found to contain blister packages labeled as and containing Dronabinol Capsules, USP, 2.5 mg.

Class I = reasonable probability of serious harm. Class II = temporary or reversible harm. Class III = unlikely to harm. Most generic recalls are manufacturing or labeling defects for one lot, not a verdict on the molecule.

Evidence base

147randomized trials (PubMed)
11systematic reviews
159registered trials
54%of completed trials posted results
18%terminated or withdrawn
60%industry-funded

Independent Cochrane reviews

Counts measure how much evidence exists and how transparent it is, not how big the benefit is. For that, ask your prescriber: if 100 people like me took this, how many would get better because of it, and how many would be harmed? (Doctors call these the "number needed to treat" and "number needed to harm.") It differs by condition and is the number drug ads leave out. Sources: PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov.

Money and lawsuits

In 2024, drug companies reported $0 in payments to US physicians and hospitals tied to this drug across 0 transactions.

No pending federal MDL names this drug or its brands.

Settlements of federal marketing and pricing allegations

Settlements of $100M+ in which this drug (Geodon) was a named product, as recorded by the Department of Justice. A settlement resolves allegations; civil settlements are not admissions and not findings of wrongdoing. They are shown because off-label promotion cases describe how the evidence many prescribers saw was shaped.

Sources: CMS Open Payments (Sunshine Act); Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation pending docket list; DOJ settlements as tabulated on Wikipedia with links to the primary record. State-court and individual suits are not included.

Who takes it and what it costs

79,737Medicare Part D patients (2024)
639,925prescriptions filled
$73average cost per fill
$47Mtotal Medicare spend
ProductFills$/fill
Ziprasidone HCl634,457$64
Ziprasidone Mesylate2,734$179
Geodon2,605$2,057
Geodon129$190

Same-class alternatives

1 drug in the same class grades a letter or more higher than ziprasidone on this site. Worth asking whether one of them would do the same job for you.

molindoneoxypertinesertindole

Same ATC pharmacological class, graded ones first, best grade at the top. Being in the same class does not make them interchangeable for your condition; it makes them worth asking about.

Questions to ask your prescriber

  1. In 2014 the FDA issued a safety communication about this drug (FDA reporting mental health drug ziprasidone (Geodon) associated with rare but potentially fatal skin reaction). Does that risk apply to me?
  2. The maker paid $2.3 billion in 2009 to settle federal allegations about how this drug was marketed. Is my use one of the uses that was promoted improperly?
  3. This drug carries a boxed warning. Which specific risk does it cover, and does it apply to me?
  4. The most-reported problems in FDA's adverse event data are suicide attempt, sedation, dyskinesia. How would we recognize and handle those?
  5. Why this one over lurasidone, molindone, oxypertine? What would make you pick one of those instead?
  6. What result are we expecting, by when, and what is the plan if it does not happen?
  7. If 100 people like me took this drug, how many would actually get better because of it, and how many would be harmed by it? (Doctors call these the number needed to treat and the number needed to harm.)