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clobazam

Sold as Onfi, Sympazan. Class: Benzodiazepine derivatives. First FDA approval 10/21/2011: 15 years on the US market.

This grade answers one narrow question: how strong is the public evidence and safety record behind this drug, and how clean is its money trail and court record? It is not a verdict on whether the drug is right for you.

D

Score breakdown (57/100)

Safety ×35%
F
Evidence ×25%
F
Regulatory ×15%
B
Money & lawsuits ×15%
A
Options ×10%
A

Safety: 24

Evidence: 47

Regulatory history: 81

Money & lawsuits: 100

Options: 100

FDA boxed warning

WARNING: RISKS FROM CONCOMITANT USE WITH OPIOIDS; ABUSE, MISUSE, AND ADDICTION; and DEPENDENCE AND WITHDRAWAL REACTIONS Concomitant use of benzodiazepines and opioids may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs for patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Follow patients for signs and symptoms of respiratory depression and sedation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) , Drug Interactions (7.1) ]. The use of benzodiazepines, including clobazam, exposes users to risks of abuse, misuse, and addiction, which can lead to overdose or death. Abuse and misuse of benzodiazepines commonly involve concomitant use of other medications, alcohol, and/or illicit substances, which is associated with an increased frequency of serious adverse outcomes. Before prescribing clobazam and throughout treatment, assess each patient's risk for abuse, misuse, and addiction [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ]. The continued use of benzodiazepines, including clobazam, may lead to clinically significant physical dependence. The risks of dependence and withdraw...

Independent reviews and post-approval warnings

FDA Drug Safety Communications

Warnings the FDA chose to announce publicly after approval, as opposed to quiet label edits. Class-wide items name the drug's class, not this drug specifically.

What the FDA label says

Approved uses

Clobazam tablets are indicated for the adjunctive treatment of seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) in patients 2 years of age or older. Clobazam tablets are a benzodiazepine indicated for adjunctive treatment of seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) in patients 2 years of age or older ( 1 )

Contraindications

Clobazam is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to the drug or its ingredients. Hypersensitivity reactions have included serious dermatological reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6, 5.7) ]. History of hypersensitivity to the drug or its ingredients ( 4 )

Warnings and precautions

Somnolence or Sedation: Monitor for central nervous system (CNS) depression. Risk may be increased with concomitant use of other CNS depressants. ( 5.4 , 5.5 ) Serious Dermatological Reactions (including Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis): Discontinue clobazam at first sign of rash unless the rash is clearly not drug-related. ( 5.6 ) Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS)/Multiorgan Hypersensitivity: Discontinue if no alternative etiology (5.7) Suicidal Behavior and Ideation: Monitor for suicidal thoughts or behaviors ( 5.8 ) Neonatal Sedation and Withdrawal Syndrome: Clobazam use during pregnancy can result in neonatal sedation and/or neonatal withdrawal ( 5.9 , 8.1 ) 5.1 Risks from Concomitant Use with Opioids Concomitant use of benzodiazepines, including clobazam, and opioids may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. Because of these risks, reserve concomitant prescribing of benzodiazepines and opioids for patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. Observational studies have demonstrated that concomitant use of opioid analgesics and benzodiazepines increases the risk of drug-related...

Adverse reactions (label)

Clinically significant adverse reactions that appear in other sections of the labeling include the following: Risks from Concomitant Use with Opioids [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] Abuse, Misuse, and Addiction [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] Dependence and Withdrawal Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] Potentiation of Sedation from Concomitant Use with Central Nervous System Depressants [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] Somnolence or Sedation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] Serious Dermatological Reactions [see Contraindications (4) , Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS)/Multiorgan Hypersensitivity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7))] Suicidal Behavior and Ideation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) ] Neonatal Sedation and Withdrawal Syndrome [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.9) ] Adverse reactions that occurred at least 10% more frequently than placebo in any clobazam dose included constipation, somnolence or sedation, pyrexia, lethargy, and drooling ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Upsher-Smith Laboratories, LLC at 1-855-899-9180 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda...

Recent major label changes

Warnings and Precautions ( 5. 7) 3/2024

Source: FDA SPL label for Clobazam (Upsher-Smith Laboratories, LLC), effective 20240724. Full label on DailyMed.

Side-effect reports sent to the FDA

These are counts of reports people filed, not rates of harm. Anyone can file one, and nobody checks whether the drug was the cause. Millions of doses are taken for every report sent, so the useful part is how this drug compares with the average across all drugs.

24,742reports that mention this drug
24,522of those blame this drug, not another one the person was taking
81%of reports describe a serious outcome, such as a hospital stay (average for all drugs: 57%)
6.5%of reports include a death, from any cause (average for all drugs: 9.1%)

Problems reported most often

Seizure · 5,332Drug Ineffective · 3,183Off Label Use · 2,508Somnolence · 1,980Drug Interaction · 1,182Fatigue · 1,115Epilepsy · 1,078Condition Aggravated · 837Generalised Tonic-Clonic Seizure · 744Product Use In Unapproved Indication · 743Fall · 740Status Epilepticus · 739Decreased Appetite · 737Pneumonia · 711Vomiting · 673

Reports per year

20192020202120222023202420252026
2,5102,2992,8792,0362,2232,4532,2951,092

31,158 reports blaming this drug for every million Medicare prescriptions filled, which is 11.3× the typical drug on this site. (5,720 reports in 2024–2026, against 183,581 Medicare fills in one year. This is the one number here that accounts for how many people take the drug.)

Source: the FDA's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Reports are voluntary and unverified. Drugs that are prescribed a lot, in the news, or in lawsuits attract more reports, so the percentages are compared with the whole database to correct for that partly, not fully.

Recalls and regulatory record

4recall actions on file
3 / 31brand / generic applications
10label changes since 2021
NoREMS program
DateClassFirmReason
01/2025Class IIAmerisource Health Services LLCPresence of Foreign Tablets/Capsules
12/2024Class IIAmerisource Health Services LLCPresence of Foreign Tablets/Capsules
02/2024Class IIMicro Labs LimitedCGMP Deviations: Out of specification for residual solvents.
07/2019Class IIBionpharma Inc.Microbial Contamination of Non-Sterile Products: Out-of-specification results for Microbial Enumeration Tests USP <61> was observed.

Class I = reasonable probability of serious harm. Class II = temporary or reversible harm. Class III = unlikely to harm. Most generic recalls are manufacturing or labeling defects for one lot, not a verdict on the molecule.

Evidence base

56randomized trials (PubMed)
8systematic reviews
27registered trials
60%of completed trials posted results
22%terminated or withdrawn
56%industry-funded

Independent Cochrane reviews

Counts measure how much evidence exists and how transparent it is, not how big the benefit is. For that, ask your prescriber: if 100 people like me took this, how many would get better because of it, and how many would be harmed? (Doctors call these the "number needed to treat" and "number needed to harm.") It differs by condition and is the number drug ads leave out. Sources: PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov.

Money and lawsuits

In 2024, drug companies reported $86,191 in payments to US physicians and hospitals tied to this drug across 230 transactions (Sympazan $86,166, Onfi $25).

No pending federal MDL names this drug or its brands.

Not named in any federal pharmaceutical settlement of $100M or more on record.

Sources: CMS Open Payments (Sunshine Act); Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation pending docket list; DOJ settlements as tabulated on Wikipedia with links to the primary record. State-court and individual suits are not included.

Who takes it and what it costs

22,167Medicare Part D patients (2024)
183,581prescriptions filled
$306average cost per fill
$56Mtotal Medicare spend
ProductFills$/fill
Clobazam172,413$129
Onfi9,712$3,236
Sympazan1,456$1,752

Same-class alternatives

3 drugs in the same class grade a letter or more higher than clobazam on this site. Worth asking whether one of them would do the same job for you.

bromazepamchlordiazepoxideclorazepate dipotassiumclotiazepamcloxazolamethyl loflazepatehalazepamketazolammedazepamnordazepamoxazepamprazepamtofisopam

Same ATC pharmacological class, graded ones first, best grade at the top. Being in the same class does not make them interchangeable for your condition; it makes them worth asking about.

Questions to ask your prescriber

  1. In 2023 the FDA issued a safety communication about this drug (FDA warns of rare but serious drug reaction to the antiseizure medicines levetiracetam (Keppra, Keppra XR, Ele). Does that risk apply to me?
  2. This drug carries a boxed warning. Which specific risk does it cover, and does it apply to me?
  3. This is a controlled substance. What is the plan for how long I take it and how I stop?
  4. The most-reported problems in FDA's adverse event data are seizure, somnolence. How would we recognize and handle those?
  5. Off-label use is among the most-reported items for this drug. Is my use on-label, and if not, what evidence supports it?
  6. Why this one over alprazolam, bromazepam, chlordiazepoxide? What would make you pick one of those instead?
  7. What result are we expecting, by when, and what is the plan if it does not happen?
  8. If 100 people like me took this drug, how many would actually get better because of it, and how many would be harmed by it? (Doctors call these the number needed to treat and the number needed to harm.)