RxDecoder My Rx
‹ All drugs

lorazepam

Sold as Ativan, Loreev. Class: Benzodiazepine derivatives. First FDA approval 09/30/1977: 49 years on the US market.

This grade answers one narrow question: how strong is the public evidence and safety record behind this drug, and how clean is its money trail and court record? It is not a verdict on whether the drug is right for you.

C

Score breakdown (64/100)

Safety ×35%
F
Evidence ×25%
D
Regulatory ×15%
D
Money & lawsuits ×15%
A
Options ×10%
A

Safety: 45

Evidence: 57

Regulatory history: 60

Money & lawsuits: 100

Options: 100

FDA boxed warning

WARNING: RISKS FROM CONCOMITANT USE WITH OPIOIDS; ABUSE, MISUSE, AND ADDICTION; and DEPENDENCE AND WITHDRAWAL REACTIONS Concomitant use of benzodiazepines and opioids may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs for patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required. Follow patients for signs and symptoms of respiratory depression and sedation [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ), Drug Interactions ( 7 )]. The use of benzodiazepines, including LOREEV XR, exposes users to risks of abuse, misuse, and addiction, which can lead to overdose or death. Abuse and misuse of benzodiazepines commonly involve concomitant use of other medications, alcohol, and/or illicit substances, which is associated with an increased frequency of serious adverse outcomes. Before prescribing LOREEV XR and throughout treatment, assess each patient’s risk for abuse, misuse, and addiction [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )]. The continued use of benzodiazepines, including LOREEV XR, may lead to clinically significant physical dependence. The risks of dependence and with...

Independent reviews and post-approval warnings

WHO Essential Medicine

Listed on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines: a global expert panel judged it among the medicines a health system should always have, on evidence of value, not marketing.

What the FDA label says

Approved uses

is indicated for the treatment of anxiety disorders in adults who are receiving stable, evenly divided, three times daily dosing with lorazepam tablets. LOREEV XR is a benzodiazepine indicated for the treatment of anxiety disorders in adults who are receiving stable, evenly divided, three times daily dosing with lorazepam tablets ( 1 )

Contraindications

is contraindicated in patients with: hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines or to any of the ingredients in LOREEV XR [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7 )] . acute narrow-angle glaucoma Hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines or any ingredients in LOREEV XR ( 4 ) Acute narrow-angle glaucoma ( 4 )

Warnings and precautions

Depression: May cause CNS depression. Caution patients receiving LOREEV XR against operating machinery or driving a motor vehicle as well to avoid the concomitant use of alcohol and other CNS depressant drugs during treatment ( 5.4 , 7 ) Patients with Depression or Psychosis: Use with caution in patients with signs or symptoms of depression. Prescribe the least number of capsules feasible to avoid intentional overdosage ( 5.5 ) Allergic Reactions to FD&C Yellow No. 5 (Tartrazine): Contains FD&C Yellow No. 5 (tartrazine) which may cause allergic type reactions (including bronchial asthma) in certain susceptible persons ( 5.7 ) Neonatal Sedation and Withdrawal Syndrome: LOREEV XR use during pregnancy can result in neonatal sedation and/or withdrawal ( 5.8 , 8.1 ) 5.1 Risks from Concomitant Use with Opioids Concomitant use of benzodiazepines, including LOREEV XR, and opioids may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. Because of these risks, reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. Observational studies have demonstrated that concomitant use of opioid analgesics and benzodiazepines i...

Adverse reactions (label)

The following serious adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling: Risks from Concomitant Use with Opioids [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] Abuse, Misuse, and Addiction [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] Dependence and Withdrawal Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] Central Nervous System (CNS) Depression [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )] Patients with Depression or Psychosis [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 )] Allergic Reactions to FD&C Yellow No. 5 (Tartrazine) [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7 )] Neonatal Sedation and Withdrawal Syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.8 )] Risk in Patients with Impaired Respiratory Function [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.9 )] The safety of LOREEV XR in adults is based on studies with lorazepam tablets. The following adverse reactions associated with the use of lorazepam tablets were identified in clinical studies or postmarketing reports. Because some of these reactions were reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. In a sample of approximately 3,500 patients treat...

Recent major label changes

Warnings and Precautions ( 5.8 ) 1/2023

Source: FDA SPL label for LOREEV XR (A-S Medication Solutions), effective 20250703. Full label on DailyMed.

Side-effect reports sent to the FDA

These are counts of reports people filed, not rates of harm. Anyone can file one, and nobody checks whether the drug was the cause. Millions of doses are taken for every report sent, so the useful part is how this drug compares with the average across all drugs.

142,098reports that mention this drug
141,181of those blame this drug, not another one the person was taking
77%of reports describe a serious outcome, such as a hospital stay (average for all drugs: 57%)
13.9%of reports include a death, from any cause (average for all drugs: 9.1%)

Problems reported most often

Fatigue · 11,462Drug Ineffective · 10,738Nausea · 10,402Off Label Use · 10,401Diarrhoea · 8,557Headache · 7,133Dyspnoea · 7,085Pain · 6,717Vomiting · 6,671Anxiety · 6,663Dizziness · 6,387Death · 5,719Asthenia · 5,551Malaise · 5,304Fall · 5,193

Reports per year

20192020202120222023202420252026
14,49313,86811,76710,5479,6899,6629,0654,041

2,753 reports blaming this drug for every million Medicare prescriptions filled, which is 1.0× the typical drug on this site. (22,412 reports in 2024–2026, against 8,140,331 Medicare fills in one year. This is the one number here that accounts for how many people take the drug.)

Source: the FDA's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Reports are voluntary and unverified. Drugs that are prescribed a lot, in the news, or in lawsuits attract more reports, so the percentages are compared with the whole database to correct for that partly, not fully.

Recalls and regulatory record

7recall actions on file
3 / 53brand / generic applications
6label changes since 2021
NoREMS program
DateClassFirmReason
07/2025Class IIHikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc.Failed Impurities/Degradation Specifications: An out-of-Specification for total related compounds
05/2023Class IIHikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc.Failed Impurities/Degradation Specifications: Out-of-specification results for total related compounds observed during retain steting due to the elevated Related Compound-C.
07/2022Class IIHikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc.Failed Impurities/Degradation Specifications: Out-of-specification results observed for total related compounds during testing of retain samples.
07/2022Class IIHikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc.Failed Impurities/Degradation Specifications: Out-of-specification results observed for total related compounds during testing of retain samples.
07/2022Class IIHikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc.Failed Impurities/Degradation Specifications: Out-of-specification results observed for total related compounds during testing of retain samples.
09/2017Class IILeading Pharma, LLCLabeling: Label Error on Declared Strength. Bottle labeled as 0.5 mg tablets contained 1mg tablets of lorazepam
08/2017Class IAmneal Pharmaceuticals of New York, LLCDefective Delivery System: the dropper measurement markings may be reversed, shifted or missing.

Class I = reasonable probability of serious harm. Class II = temporary or reversible harm. Class III = unlikely to harm. Most generic recalls are manufacturing or labeling defects for one lot, not a verdict on the molecule.

Evidence base

368randomized trials (PubMed)
9systematic reviews
183registered trials
50%of completed trials posted results
19%terminated or withdrawn
27%industry-funded

Counts measure how much evidence exists and how transparent it is, not how big the benefit is. For that, ask your prescriber: if 100 people like me took this, how many would get better because of it, and how many would be harmed? (Doctors call these the "number needed to treat" and "number needed to harm.") It differs by condition and is the number drug ads leave out. Sources: PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov.

Money and lawsuits

In 2024, drug companies reported $0 in payments to US physicians and hospitals tied to this drug across 0 transactions.

No pending federal MDL names this drug or its brands.

Not named in any federal pharmaceutical settlement of $100M or more on record.

Sources: CMS Open Payments (Sunshine Act); Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation pending docket list; DOJ settlements as tabulated on Wikipedia with links to the primary record. State-court and individual suits are not included.

Who takes it and what it costs

1,883,727Medicare Part D patients (2024)
8,140,331prescriptions filled
$10average cost per fill
$78Mtotal Medicare spend
ProductFills$/fill
Lorazepam8,090,182$6
Lorazepam Intensol38,592$30
Ativan6,598$3,420
Loreev XR4,959$453

Same-class alternatives

bromazepamchlordiazepoxideclorazepate dipotassiumclotiazepamcloxazolamethyl loflazepatehalazepamketazolammedazepamnordazepamoxazepamprazepamtofisopam

Same ATC pharmacological class, graded ones first, best grade at the top. Being in the same class does not make them interchangeable for your condition; it makes them worth asking about.

Questions to ask your prescriber

  1. This drug carries a boxed warning. Which specific risk does it cover, and does it apply to me?
  2. This is a controlled substance. What is the plan for how long I take it and how I stop?
  3. The most-reported problems in FDA's adverse event data are fatigue, nausea. How would we recognize and handle those?
  4. Off-label use is among the most-reported items for this drug. Is my use on-label, and if not, what evidence supports it?
  5. Why this one over alprazolam, bromazepam, chlordiazepoxide? What would make you pick one of those instead?
  6. What result are we expecting, by when, and what is the plan if it does not happen?
  7. If 100 people like me took this drug, how many would actually get better because of it, and how many would be harmed by it? (Doctors call these the number needed to treat and the number needed to harm.)