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esomeprazole

Sold as Nexium. Class: Proton pump inhibitors. First FDA approval 02/20/2001: 25 years on the US market.

This grade answers one narrow question: how strong is the public evidence and safety record behind this drug, and how clean is its money trail and court record? It is not a verdict on whether the drug is right for you.

B

Score breakdown (84/100)

Safety ×35%
A
Evidence ×25%
D
Regulatory ×15%
B
Money & lawsuits ×15%
A
Options ×10%
A

Safety: 93

Evidence: 53

Regulatory history: 85

Money & lawsuits: 100

Options: 100

What the FDA label says

Approved uses

Esomeprazole magnesium for delayed release oral suspension is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). Esomeprazole magnesium for delayed release oral suspension is indicated for the: Short-term treatment in the healing of erosive esophagitis (EE) in adults and pediatric patients 1 year to 17 years of age and of EE due to acid-mediated GERD in pediatric patients 1 month to less than 1 year of age. ( 1.1 ) Maintenance of healing of EE in adults. ( 1.2 ) Short-term treatment of heartburn and other symptoms associated GERD in adults and pediatric patients 1 year to 17 years of age. ( 1.3 ) Risk reduction of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)-associated gastric ulcer in adults at risk for developing gastric ulcers due to age (60 years and older) and/or documented history of gastric ulcers. ( 1.4 ) Helicobacter pylori eradication in adult patients to reduce the risk of duodenal ulcer recurrence in combination with amoxicillin and clarithromycin. ( 1.5 ) Long-term treatment of pathological hypersecretory conditions, including Zollinger-Ellison syndrome in adults. ( 1.6 ) 1.1 Healing of Erosive Esophagitis (EE) Adults Esomeprazole magnesium for delayed release oral suspension is indicated...

Contraindications

Esomeprazole magnesium for delayed release oral suspension is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to substituted benzimidazoles or to any component of the formulation. Hypersensitivity reactions may include anaphylaxis, anaphylactic shock, angioedema, bronchospasm, acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, and urticaria [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 ),Adverse Reactions ( 6.2 )]. For information about contraindications of amoxicillin and clarithromycin, indicated in combination with esomeprazole magnesium for delayed release oral suspension for H. pylori eradication to reduce the risk of duodenal ulcer recurrence, refer to the Contraindications section of the respective prescribing information. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), including Esomeprazole magnesium, are contraindicated in patients receiving rilpivirine-containing products [see Drug Interactions ( 7 )]. Known hypersensitivity to substituted benzimidazoles or any component of the formulation. ( 4 ) Patients receiving rilpivirine-containing products. ( 4 , 7 ) Refer to the Contraindications section of the prescribing information for amoxicillin and clarithromycin, when administered in combination with esome...

Warnings and precautions

Gastric Malignancy : In adults, symptomatic response does not preclude the presence of gastric malignancy. Consider additional follow-up and diagnostic testing. ( 5.1 ) Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis : Discontinue treatment and evaluate patients. ( 5.2 ) Clostridium difficile -Associated Diarrhea : PPI therapy may be associated with increased risk. ( 5.3 ) Bone Fracture : Long-term and multiple daily dose PPI therapy may be associated with an increased risk for osteoporosis-related fractures of the hip, wrist or spine. ( 5.4 ) Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions : Discontinue at the first signs or symptoms of severe cutaneous adverse reactions or other signs of hypersensitivity and consider further evaluation. ( 5.5 ) Cutaneous and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus : Mostly cutaneous; new onset or exacerbation of existing disease; discontinue esomeprazole magnesium for delayed release oral suspension and refer to specialist for evaluation. ( 5.6 ) Interaction with Clopidogrel : Avoid concomitant use of esomeprazole magnesium for delayed release oral suspension. ( 5.7 ) Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B-12) Deficiency : Daily long-term use (e.g., longer than 3 years) may lead to malabsorption...

Adverse reactions (label)

The following serious adverse reactions are described below and elsewhere in labeling: Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] Clostridium difficile -Associated Diarrhea [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] Bone Fracture [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )] Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 )] Cutaneous and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6 )] Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B-12) Deficiency [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.8 )] Hypomagnesemia and Mineral Metabolism [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.9 )] Fundic Gland Polyps [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.13 )] Most common adverse reactions ( 6.1 ): Adults (≥ 18 years) (>1%) are: headache, diarrhea, nausea, flatulence, abdominal pain, constipation, and dry mouth. Pediatrics (1 to 17 years) (≥2%) are: headache, diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, and somnolence. Pediatrics (1 month to less than 1 year) (>1%) are: abdominal pain, regurgitation, tachypnea, and increased ALT. To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Cipla Ltd. at 1-866-604-3268 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because ...

Source: FDA SPL label for ESOMEPRAZOLE MAGNESIUM (Cipla USA Inc.), effective 20240516. Full label on DailyMed.

Side-effect reports sent to the FDA

These are counts of reports people filed, not rates of harm. Anyone can file one, and nobody checks whether the drug was the cause. Millions of doses are taken for every report sent, so the useful part is how this drug compares with the average across all drugs.

169,628reports that mention this drug
169,023of those blame this drug, not another one the person was taking
80%of reports describe a serious outcome, such as a hospital stay (average for all drugs: 57%)
9.6%of reports include a death, from any cause (average for all drugs: 9.1%)

Problems reported most often

Chronic Kidney Disease · 35,692Acute Kidney Injury · 21,248Renal Failure · 15,621End Stage Renal Disease · 10,313Drug Ineffective · 9,538Renal Injury · 9,497Nausea · 9,024Diarrhoea · 8,601Off Label Use · 8,172Fatigue · 7,757Pain · 6,985Headache · 6,981Dyspnoea · 6,449Gastrooesophageal Reflux Disease · 5,923Malaise · 5,876

Reports per year

20192020202120222023202420252026
29,12614,40811,1888,8637,5277,8968,2873,683

6,493 reports blaming this drug for every million Medicare prescriptions filled, which is 2.3× the typical drug on this site. (19,549 reports in 2024–2026, against 3,010,604 Medicare fills in one year. This is the one number here that accounts for how many people take the drug.)

Source: the FDA's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Reports are voluntary and unverified. Drugs that are prescribed a lot, in the news, or in lawsuits attract more reports, so the percentages are compared with the whole database to correct for that partly, not fully.

Recalls and regulatory record

11recall actions on file
8 / 58brand / generic applications
16label changes since 2021
NoREMS program
DateClassFirmReason
05/2025Class IIZydus Pharmaceuticals (USA) IncFailed Impurities/Degradation Specifications: Out-of-Specification test results obtained for any individual unknown degradation product during Related Compounds testing during long term stability.
05/2025Class IIZydus Pharmaceuticals (USA) IncFailed Impurities/Degradation Specifications: Out-of-Specification test results obtained for any individual unknown degradation product during Related Compounds testing during long term stability.
11/2024Class IIIZydus Pharmaceuticals (USA) IncLabeling: Not Elsewhere Classified - Wrong NDC number
06/2022Class IIISUN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES INCSuperpotent Drug: Out of specification for assay at the 12-month timepoint.
06/2022Class IIISUN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES INCSuperpotent Drug: Out of specification for assay at the 12-month timepoint.
12/2020Class IICIPLACross- contamination with other products: The excipient, Crospovidone, NF is contaminated with theophylline
12/2020Class IICIPLACross- contamination with other products: The excipient, Crospovidone, NF is contaminated with theophylline
12/2020Class IICIPLACross- contamination with other products: The excipient, Crospovidone, NF is contaminated with theophylline
04/2020Class IIIDr. Reddy's Laboratories, Inc.Discoloration: product contains brown pellets
02/2019Class IIIDr. Reddy's Laboratories, Inc.Discoloration: Esomeprazole Magnesium DR Capsules (40mg) may contain brown pellets.
07/2012Class IIIASTRA ZENECA LpAdulterated Presence of Foreign Tablets/Capsules: Some bottles may contain a small number of Nexium 20 mg capsules intended for the Japanese market in addtion to Nexium 40 mg capsules.

Class I = reasonable probability of serious harm. Class II = temporary or reversible harm. Class III = unlikely to harm. Most generic recalls are manufacturing or labeling defects for one lot, not a verdict on the molecule.

Evidence base

344randomized trials (PubMed)
15systematic reviews
575registered trials
23%of completed trials posted results
6%terminated or withdrawn
49%industry-funded

Counts measure how much evidence exists and how transparent it is, not how big the benefit is. For that, ask your prescriber: if 100 people like me took this, how many would get better because of it, and how many would be harmed? (Doctors call these the "number needed to treat" and "number needed to harm.") It differs by condition and is the number drug ads leave out. Sources: PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov.

Money and lawsuits

In 2024, drug companies reported $2,463 in payments to US physicians and hospitals tied to this drug across 105 transactions (Nexium $2,463).

No pending federal MDL names this drug or its brands.

Not named in any federal pharmaceutical settlement of $100M or more on record.

Sources: CMS Open Payments (Sunshine Act); Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation pending docket list; DOJ settlements as tabulated on Wikipedia with links to the primary record. State-court and individual suits are not included.

Who takes it and what it costs

762,280Medicare Part D patients (2024)
3,010,604prescriptions filled
$61average cost per fill
$184Mtotal Medicare spend
ProductFills$/fill
Esomeprazole Magnesium2,912,529$43
Nexium97,946$610
Esomeprazole Sodium129$240

Same-class alternatives

rabeprazolevonoprazan

Same ATC pharmacological class, graded ones first, best grade at the top. Being in the same class does not make them interchangeable for your condition; it makes them worth asking about.

Questions to ask your prescriber

  1. The most-reported problems in FDA's adverse event data are chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, renal failure, end stage renal disease. How would we recognize and handle those?
  2. Why this one over dexlansoprazole, lansoprazole, omeprazole? What would make you pick one of those instead?
  3. What result are we expecting, by when, and what is the plan if it does not happen?
  4. If 100 people like me took this drug, how many would actually get better because of it, and how many would be harmed by it? (Doctors call these the number needed to treat and the number needed to harm.)