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omeprazole

Sold as Prilosec. Class: Proton pump inhibitors. First FDA approval 09/14/1989: 37 years on the US market.

This grade answers one narrow question: how strong is the public evidence and safety record behind this drug, and how clean is its money trail and court record? It is not a verdict on whether the drug is right for you.

B

Score breakdown (86/100)

Safety ×35%
A
Evidence ×25%
D
Regulatory ×15%
A
Money & lawsuits ×15%
A
Options ×10%
A

Safety: 92

Evidence: 61

Regulatory history: 88

Money & lawsuits: 100

Options: 100

Independent reviews and post-approval warnings

FDA Drug Safety Communications

Warnings the FDA chose to announce publicly after approval, as opposed to quiet label edits. Class-wide items name the drug's class, not this drug specifically.

WHO Essential Medicine

Listed on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines: a global expert panel judged it among the medicines a health system should always have, on evidence of value, not marketing.

What the FDA label says

Approved uses

Omeprazole delayed-release capsules are proton pump inhibitor (PPI) indicated for the: Treatment of active duodenal ulcer in adults ( 1.1 ) Eradication of Helicobacter pylori to reduce the risk of duodenal ulcer recurrence in adults ( 1.2 ) Treatment of active benign gastric ulcer in adults ( 1.3 ) Treatment of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in patients 1 year of age and older ( 1.4 ) Treatment of erosive esophagitis (EE) due to acid-mediated GERD in patients 1 month of age and older ( 1.5 ) Maintenance of healing of EE due to acid-mediated GERD in patients 1 year of age and older ( 1.6 ) Pathologic hypersecretory conditions in adults ( 1.7 ) 1.1 Treatment of Active Duodenal Ulcer Omeprazole delayed-release capsules are indicated for short-term treatment of active duodenal ulcer in adults. Most patients heal within four weeks. Some patients may require an additional four weeks of therapy. 1.2 Helicobacter pylori Eradication to Reduce the Risk of Duodenal Ulcer Recurrence Eradication of H. pylori has been shown to reduce the risk of duodenal ulcer recurrence. Triple Therapy Omeprazole delayed-release capsules in combination with clarithromycin and amoxicillin, ar...

Contraindications

Patients with known hypersensitivity to substituted benzimidazoles or any component of the formulation. ( 4 ) Patients receiving rilpivirine-containing products. ( 4 , 7 ) Refer to the Contraindications section of the prescribing information for clarithromycin and amoxicillin, when administered in combination with omeprazole. ( 4 ) Omeprazole delayed-release capsules are contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis to the formulation [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] or any substituted benzimidazole. Hypersensitivity reactions may include anaphylaxis, anaphylactic shock, angioedema, bronchospasm, acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, and urticaria, [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 ), Adverse Reactions ( 6 )]. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), including omeprazole, are contraindicated in patients receiving rilpivirine-containing products [see Drug Interactions ( 7 )] . For information about contraindications of antibacterial agents (clarithromycin and amoxicillin) indicated in combination with omeprazole, refer to the CONTRAINDICATIONS section of their package inserts.

Warnings and precautions

Gastric Malignancy: In adults, symptomatic response does not preclude the presence of gastric malignancy. Consider additional follow-up and diagnostic testing. ( 5.1 ) Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis: Discontinue treatment and evaluate patients. Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea: PPI therapy may be associated with increased risk. ( 5.3 ) Bone Fracture: Long-term and multiple daily dose PPI therapy may be associated with an increased risk for osteoporosis-related fractures of the hip, wrist or spine. ( 5.4 ) Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions: Discontinue at the first signs or symptoms of severe cutaneous adverse reactions or other signs of hypersensitivity and consider further evaluation. ( 5.5 ) Cutaneous and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Mostly cutaneous; new onset or exacerbation of existing disease; discontinue omeprazole and refer to specialist for evaluation ( 5.6 ) Interaction with Clopidogrel: Avoid concomitant use of omeprazole. ( 5.7 , 7 ) Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B-12) Deficiency: Daily long-term use (e.g., longer than 3 years) may lead to malabsorption or a deficiency of cyanocobalamin. ( 5.8 ) Hypomagnesemia and Mineral Metabolism: Reported rarely with prolon...

Adverse reactions (label)

The following serious adverse reactions are described below and elsewhere in labeling: Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] Clostridium difficile -Associated Diarrhea [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] Bone Fracture [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4) ] Cutaneous and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6) ] Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B-12) Deficiency [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.8 )] Hypomagnesemia and Mineral Metabolism [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.9 )] Fundic Gland Polyps [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.13 ) ] Adults: Most common adverse reactions in adults (incidence ≥ 2%) are Headache, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, and flatulence. ( 6 ) Pediatric patients (1 to 16 years of age): Safety profile similar to that in adults, except that respiratory system events and fever were the most frequently reported reactions in pediatric studies. ( 8.4 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Zydus Pharmaceuticals (USA) Inc. at 1-877-993-8779 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience with Omeprazole Monotherapy Because clinical trials are conducted under ...

Source: FDA SPL label for Omeprazole (A-S Medication Solutions), effective 20240227. Full label on DailyMed.

Side-effect reports sent to the FDA

These are counts of reports people filed, not rates of harm. Anyone can file one, and nobody checks whether the drug was the cause. Millions of doses are taken for every report sent, so the useful part is how this drug compares with the average across all drugs.

369,477reports that mention this drug
368,003of those blame this drug, not another one the person was taking
72%of reports describe a serious outcome, such as a hospital stay (average for all drugs: 57%)
8.6%of reports include a death, from any cause (average for all drugs: 9.1%)

Problems reported most often

Chronic Kidney Disease · 36,920Acute Kidney Injury · 24,579Fatigue · 22,461Nausea · 21,535Diarrhoea · 21,512Drug Ineffective · 17,594Renal Failure · 16,924Dyspnoea · 16,656Pain · 16,338Headache · 16,141Off Label Use · 15,641Dizziness · 13,725Vomiting · 13,405Death · 11,930Malaise · 11,545

Reports per year

20192020202120222023202420252026
49,17435,23628,88923,99921,89418,77421,44910,411

1,735 reports blaming this drug for every million Medicare prescriptions filled, which is 0.6× the typical drug on this site. (50,112 reports in 2024–2026, against 28,886,485 Medicare fills in one year. This is the one number here that accounts for how many people take the drug.)

Source: the FDA's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Reports are voluntary and unverified. Drugs that are prescribed a lot, in the news, or in lawsuits attract more reports, so the percentages are compared with the whole database to correct for that partly, not fully.

Recalls and regulatory record

4recall actions on file
5 / 31brand / generic applications
8label changes since 2021
NoREMS program
DateClassFirmReason
06/2025Class IIDr. Reddy's Laboratories, Inc.Presence of foreign tablets/capsules: presence of foreign Divalproex Sodium Extended-Release 250mg tablet in a bottle of omeprazole capsules.
10/2021Class IIDr. Reddy's Laboratories, Inc.CGMP Deviations: Customer complaint for the presence of a staple co-mingled with capsules within the bottle.
03/2021Class IICardinal Health Inc.CGMP Deviations: Intermittent exposure to temperature excursion during storage.
09/2013Class IIKremers Urban Pharmaceuticals, Inc.Failed Tablet/Capsule Specification: some capsules over time do not meet or are suspected to not meet the specification for acid resistance.

Class I = reasonable probability of serious harm. Class II = temporary or reversible harm. Class III = unlikely to harm. Most generic recalls are manufacturing or labeling defects for one lot, not a verdict on the molecule.

Evidence base

925randomized trials (PubMed)
16systematic reviews
1,039registered trials
26%of completed trials posted results
8%terminated or withdrawn
53%industry-funded

Counts measure how much evidence exists and how transparent it is, not how big the benefit is. For that, ask your prescriber: if 100 people like me took this, how many would get better because of it, and how many would be harmed? (Doctors call these the "number needed to treat" and "number needed to harm.") It differs by condition and is the number drug ads leave out. Sources: PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov.

Money and lawsuits

In 2024, drug companies reported $0 in payments to US physicians and hospitals tied to this drug across 0 transactions.

No pending federal MDL names this drug or its brands.

Not named in any federal pharmaceutical settlement of $100M or more on record.

Sources: CMS Open Payments (Sunshine Act); Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation pending docket list; DOJ settlements as tabulated on Wikipedia with links to the primary record. State-court and individual suits are not included.

Who takes it and what it costs

7,510,589Medicare Part D patients (2024)
28,886,485prescriptions filled
$13average cost per fill
$370Mtotal Medicare spend
ProductFills$/fill
Omeprazole28,883,231$13
Prilosec3,254$993

Same-class alternatives

rabeprazolevonoprazan

Same ATC pharmacological class, graded ones first, best grade at the top. Being in the same class does not make them interchangeable for your condition; it makes them worth asking about.

Questions to ask your prescriber

  1. The most-reported problems in FDA's adverse event data are chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, fatigue, nausea. How would we recognize and handle those?
  2. Why this one over dexlansoprazole, esomeprazole, lansoprazole? What would make you pick one of those instead?
  3. What result are we expecting, by when, and what is the plan if it does not happen?
  4. If 100 people like me took this drug, how many would actually get better because of it, and how many would be harmed by it? (Doctors call these the number needed to treat and the number needed to harm.)