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sildenafil

Sold as Revatio, Viagra, Liqrev, Vybrique. Class: Drugs used in erectile dysfunction. First FDA approval 03/27/1998: 28 years on the US market.

This grade answers one narrow question: how strong is the public evidence and safety record behind this drug, and how clean is its money trail and court record? It is not a verdict on whether the drug is right for you.

B

Score breakdown (83/100)

Safety ×35%
C
Evidence ×25%
B
Regulatory ×15%
A
Money & lawsuits ×15%
A
Options ×10%
A

Safety: 69

Evidence: 77

Regulatory history: 95

Money & lawsuits: 100

Options: 100

Independent reviews and post-approval warnings

FDA Drug Safety Communications

Warnings the FDA chose to announce publicly after approval, as opposed to quiet label edits. Class-wide items name the drug's class, not this drug specifically.

What the FDA label says

Approved uses

is indicated for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. VIAGRA is a phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitor indicated for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) ( 1 )

Contraindications

• Administration of VIAGRA to patients using nitric oxide donors, such as organic nitrates or organic nitrites in any form. VIAGRA was shown to potentiate the hypotensive effect of nitrates ( 4.1 , 7.1 , 12.2 ) • Known hypersensitivity to sildenafil or any component of tablet ( 4.2 ) • Administration with guanylate cyclase (GC) stimulators, such as riociguat ( 4.3 ) 4.1 Nitrates Consistent with its known effects on the nitric oxide/cGMP pathway [ see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1 , 12.2) ], VIAGRA was shown to potentiate the hypotensive effects of nitrates, and its administration to patients who are using nitric oxide donors such as organic nitrates or organic nitrites in any form either regularly and/or intermittently is therefore contraindicated. After patients have taken VIAGRA, it is unknown when nitrates, if necessary, can be safely administered. Although plasma levels of sildenafil at 24 hours post dose are much lower than at peak concentration, it is unknown whether nitrates can be safely co-administered at this time point [ see Dosage and Administration (2.3) , Drug Interactions (7.1) , and Clinical Pharmacology (12.2) ]. 4.2 Hypersensitivity Reactions VIAGRA is contraindicat...

Warnings and precautions

• Patients should not use VIAGRA if sexual activity is inadvisable due to cardiovascular status ( 5.1 ) • Patients should seek emergency treatment if an erection lasts >4 hours. Use VIAGRA with caution in patients predisposed to priapism ( 5.2 ) • Patients should stop VIAGRA and seek medical care if a sudden loss of vision occurs in one or both eyes, which could be a sign of non arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). VIAGRA should be used with caution, and only when the anticipated benefits outweigh the risks, in patients with a history of NAION. Patients with a "crowded" optic disc may also be at an increased risk of NAION. ( 5.3 ) • Patients should stop VIAGRA and seek prompt medical attention in the event of sudden decrease or loss of hearing ( 5.4 ) • Caution is advised when VIAGRA is co-administered with alpha-blockers or anti-hypertensives. Concomitant use may lead to hypotension ( 5.5 ) • Decreased blood pressure, syncope, and prolonged erection may occur at higher sildenafil exposures. In patients taking strong CYP inhibitors, such as ritonavir, sildenafil exposure is increased. Decrease in VIAGRA dosage is recommended ( 2.4 , 5.6 ) 5.1 Cardiovascular There i...

Adverse reactions (label)

The following are discussed in more detail in other sections of the labeling: • Cardiovascular [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] • Prolonged Erection and Priapism [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] • Effects on the Eye [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] • Hearing Loss [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] • Hypotension when Co-administered with Alpha-blockers or Anti-hypertensives [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] • Adverse Reactions with the Concomitant Use of Ritonavir [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] • Combination with other PDE5 Inhibitors or Other Erectile Dysfunction Therapies [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] • Effects on Bleeding [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) ] • Counseling Patients About Sexually Transmitted Diseases [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.9) ] The most common adverse reactions reported in clinical trials (≥ 2%) are headache, flushing, dyspepsia, abnormal vision, nasal congestion, back pain, myalgia, nausea, dizziness, and rash. Most common adverse reactions (≥ 2%) include headache, flushing, dyspepsia, abnormal vision, nasal congestion, back pain, myalgia, nausea, dizziness and rash ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTI...

Recent major label changes

Warnings and Precautions, Effects on the Eye ( 5.3 ) 08/2017

Source: FDA SPL label for Viagra (PFIZER LABORATORIES DIV PFIZER INC), effective 20171215. Full label on DailyMed.

Side-effect reports sent to the FDA

These are counts of reports people filed, not rates of harm. Anyone can file one, and nobody checks whether the drug was the cause. Millions of doses are taken for every report sent, so the useful part is how this drug compares with the average across all drugs.

96,416reports that mention this drug
96,292of those blame this drug, not another one the person was taking
65%of reports describe a serious outcome, such as a hospital stay (average for all drugs: 57%)
13.0%of reports include a death, from any cause (average for all drugs: 9.1%)

Problems reported most often

Dyspnoea · 11,497Headache · 8,847Drug Ineffective · 7,871Death · 6,558Diarrhoea · 6,507Nausea · 5,788Fatigue · 5,668Dizziness · 4,958Cough · 4,326Pneumonia · 4,123Malaise · 3,912Off Label Use · 3,714Pain · 3,294Vomiting · 3,274Hypotension · 3,234

Reports per year

20192020202120222023202420252026
10,1118,1066,0745,4845,5975,6305,7572,385

16,358 reports blaming this drug for every million Medicare prescriptions filled, which is 5.9× the typical drug on this site. (13,723 reports in 2024–2026, against 838,936 Medicare fills in one year. This is the one number here that accounts for how many people take the drug.)

Source: the FDA's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Reports are voluntary and unverified. Drugs that are prescribed a lot, in the news, or in lawsuits attract more reports, so the percentages are compared with the whole database to correct for that partly, not fully.

Recalls and regulatory record

0recall actions on file
6 / 49brand / generic applications
0label changes since 2021
NoREMS program

Evidence base

563randomized trials (PubMed)
68systematic reviews
494registered trials
37%of completed trials posted results
14%terminated or withdrawn
35%industry-funded

Independent Cochrane reviews

Counts measure how much evidence exists and how transparent it is, not how big the benefit is. For that, ask your prescriber: if 100 people like me took this, how many would get better because of it, and how many would be harmed? (Doctors call these the "number needed to treat" and "number needed to harm.") It differs by condition and is the number drug ads leave out. Sources: PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov.

Money and lawsuits

In 2024, drug companies reported $9,181 in payments to US physicians and hospitals tied to this drug across 22 transactions (Revatio $7,854, Viagra $1,327).

No pending federal MDL names this drug or its brands.

Not named in any federal pharmaceutical settlement of $100M or more on record.

Sources: CMS Open Payments (Sunshine Act); Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation pending docket list; DOJ settlements as tabulated on Wikipedia with links to the primary record. State-court and individual suits are not included.

Who takes it and what it costs

240,511Medicare Part D patients (2024)
838,936prescriptions filled
$55average cost per fill
$46Mtotal Medicare spend
ProductFills$/fill
Sildenafil Citrate837,854$46
Revatio684$10,556
Viagra398$414

Same-class alternatives

alprostadilapomorphineavanafilmoxisylytepapaverinevardenafilyohimbine

Same ATC pharmacological class, graded ones first, best grade at the top. Being in the same class does not make them interchangeable for your condition; it makes them worth asking about.

Questions to ask your prescriber

  1. In 2014 the FDA issued a safety communication about this drug (FDA clarifies Warning about Pediatric Use of Revatio (sildenafil) for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension). Does that risk apply to me?
  2. The most-reported problems in FDA's adverse event data are dyspnoea, headache, death. How would we recognize and handle those?
  3. Why this one over alprostadil, apomorphine, avanafil? What would make you pick one of those instead?
  4. What result are we expecting, by when, and what is the plan if it does not happen?
  5. If 100 people like me took this drug, how many would actually get better because of it, and how many would be harmed by it? (Doctors call these the number needed to treat and the number needed to harm.)